压力型体制下政府绩效评估的运作机理:一个类型学分析  

The Operating Mechanism of Government Performance Evaluation Under the Pressurized System:A Typological Analysis

作　　者：徐国冲[1,2] 黄丽妹 Xu Guochong;Huang Limei

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院 [2]厦门大学政府绩效管理研究中心

出　　处：《中共中央党校(国家行政学院)学报》2024年第6期68-80,共13页Journal of The Party School of The Central Committee of The C.P.C(Chinese Academy of Governance)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“绩效管理导向下的中国政府成本体系研究”(20&ZD115)。

摘　　要：压力型体制被广泛用于解释我国纵向府际关系的运作逻辑,而绩效评估作为有效的治理工具,在压力型体制的运行中发挥了重要作用。关于压力型体制与绩效评估的关系研究主要集中于通过目标控制实现压力传导、通过绩效博弈实现压力平衡和关注绩效全过程实现压力分解三种视角。这三种理论视角并未厘清绩效评估作用于压力型体制的角色类型及其运作逻辑。绩效评估贯穿于几乎所有的行政活动,但在不同的实践场景中具有多重面向。基层政府组织的良好运行得益于绩效评估的增压、稳压和减压机制的交互作用,激励广大干部争作为、能作为、敢作为。为促进绩效评估机制的合理运用,实现治理绩效的持续提升,还需要评估者掌握权力运行与压力消解相互补、合规导向与绩效导向相兼容、弹性评估与刚性约束相促进、物质激励与非物质激励相结合等策略。The pressurized system is widely used to explain the operational logic of vertical intergovernmental relations in China.As an effective governance tool,performance evaluation plays a crucial role in the functioning of this system.Currently,researchers primarily explore the relationship between the pressurized system and performance evaluation from three perspectives:(1)achieving pressure transmission through goal control,(2)balancing pressure through performance games,and(3)decomposing pressure by focusing on the entire performance process.However,these perspectives fail to clarify the role types of performance evaluation within the pressurized system and their operational logic.Performance evaluation permeates almost all administrative activities but exhibits multiple facets in different practical contexts.The effective operation of grassroots government organizations relies on the interaction of pressure-increasing,pressure-stabilizing,and pressure-reducing mechanisms of performance evaluation,motivating officials to strive for action,be able to act,and dare to act.To promote the rational use of the performance evaluation mechanism and achieve continuous improvement in governance performance,evaluators need to master strategies that reconcile the interplay between power operation and pressure alleviation,align compliance orientation with performance orientation,enhance flexible evaluation alongside rigid constraints,and integrate material incentives with nonmaterial incentives.

关 键 词：绩效评估 压力型体制 评估机制 绩效指标 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]