中国村庄分化的成因与破解路径  

The Causes and Solutions of Village Differentiation in China

作　　者：魏后凯[1,2] 吴广昊 Wei Houkai;Wu Guanghao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院

出　　处：《中共中央党校(国家行政学院)学报》2024年第6期91-103,共13页Journal of The Party School of The Central Committee of The C.P.C(Chinese Academy of Governance)

基　　金：中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划项目(DF2023YS26);中国社会科学院大学“研创计划项目”(2024-KY-93)。

摘　　要：近年来,中国村庄分化现象日益凸显,对推进乡村全面振兴和实现共同富裕带来了严峻挑战。村庄分化是指村庄发展差距过大甚至差距加剧的趋势,其本质是当前中国村庄发展的不平衡不充分。根据2022年中国乡村振兴综合调查数据,将当前中国的村庄分化现象归纳总结为五个方面:村庄人口呈现“十村九空”特征;村集体经济发展差距极为悬殊;不同村庄间的户均经营性和财产性收入差距较为明显;种植粮食和经济作物村庄的收入水平要明显低于特色产业村;功能定位不明确且发展能力较差的存续改善类村庄占比过高。村庄分化现象的主要成因在于,村庄资源禀赋和配置能力的显著差异,政府资源易集中于强村的项目分配方式,三次产业之间的收益率差距较大,各地城乡融合发展水平的明显差别,部分村庄缺乏积极创新的能力意识。破解村庄分化将是一个长期的过程,需要坚持因地制宜、循序渐进、统筹兼顾的原则,在村庄发展水平提高和支持政策完善的过程中逐步实现。In recent years,the phenomenon of village differentiation in China has become increasingly prominent,which has brought severe challenges to promoting comprehensive revitalization of rural areas and achieving common prosperity.The essence of the trend of excessively large or even aggravated gap in village development is that the current development of villages in China is unbalanced and inadequate.According to the data of the 2022 China Rural Revitalization Comprehensive Survey,the current phenomenon of village differentiation in China can be summarized into five aspects:the village population presents the characteristics of"nine villages out of ten are deserted";there is a huge disparity in the development of village collective economy;the income gap of operating income and property income of per household from different villages is obvious;the income level of villages growing food and cash crops is significantly lower than that of villages with special industries;the proportion of survival and improvement villages with unclear functional orientation and poor development ability is too high.The main causes of the phenomenon of village differentiation are the significant differences in village resource endowment and allocation capabilities,the project allocation mode in which government resources are easy to concentrate in strong villages,the large gap in the rate of return between the three industries,the obvious differences in the level of urban-rural integrated development in various regions,and the lack of awareness of active innovation in some villages.Cracking the differentiation of villages will be a long-term process,and it is necessary to adhere to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions,gradual and overall planning,and gradually realize it in the process of improving the level of village development and improving policy support.

关 键 词：村庄分化 村庄发展 农村现代化 乡村振兴 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F320.3[经济管理—产业经济]