“花朵”的成词过程及“朵”的性质  

Word Formation Process of“花朵(huaduo)”and Nature of“朵(duo)”

作　　者：席敬宣 化振红[1] XI Jing-xuan;HUA Zhen-hong(College of Liberal Arts,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210024,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院,江苏南京210024

出　　处：《辽东学院学报(社会科学版)》2024年第6期63-70,共8页Journal of Liaodong University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“基于深加工语料库实践的汉语史分词规范研究”(22BYY108)。

摘　　要：大多数学者认为现代汉语常用词“花朵”是名量式复合词,“朵”是量词性语素,此观点有待商榷。通过考察从唐代到清代的相关文献,发现“朵”的名物性较强,既可以直接表示花朵,也可以表示花朵状物,唐代已经出现“雪朵”“山朵”“梅朵”“云朵”等一批名词性结构,一直沿用至清代。而量词“朵”多数情况下只能称量某一种花,“数+朵+花”的结构一直比较少见,直至清代量词用法仍不够成熟。由此来看,“花朵”中的“朵”应是名词性语素,起初为偏正结构,表示花之朵。随着二者连用频率越来越高,词义差别越来越小,在明清时期凝固成词,成为可以表示集合义的同义并列复合词。Most scholars believe that the commonly used word“花朵(huaduo)”in modern Chinese is a noun-classifier compound,and“朵(duo)”is a quantifier morpheme.This view needs to be discussed.Through the investigation of the relevant literature from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,it is found that“朵(duo)”has a strong nominal property,which can directly represent flowers or flower-like objects.In the Tang Dynasty,a number of nominal structures such as“雪朵(xueduo)”“山朵(shanduo)”“梅朵(meiduo)”“云朵(yunduo)”have appeared,which have been used until the Qing Dynasty.In most cases,the quantifier“朵(duo)”can only describe a certain flower,and the structure of“数(a quantifier)+朵(duo)+花(hua)”has been relatively rare.Until the Qing Dynasty,the usage of quantifiers was still not mature enough.From this point of view,the“朵(duo)”in“花朵(huaduo)”should be a nominal morpheme,initially a partial formal structure,indicating the shape of flowers.As the two words are more and more frequently used in combination,the difference in their meaning is getting smaller.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,they solidified into a synonymous compound word with a collective meaning.

关 键 词：花朵 朵 名量式 同义并列 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]