基于高效流固耦合方法的自由表面流动问题分析  

Analysis of Free Surface Flow Problems Based on an Efficient Fluid-structure Coupling Method

作　　者：温喆然 徐自力[1] 薛杰 王旭阳 王珺 WEN Zhe-ran;XU Zi-li;XUE Jie;WANG Xu-yang;WANG Jun(State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures,School of Aerospace Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China;National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Liquid Propulsion,Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute,Xi'an 710100,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学航天航空学院复杂服役环境重大装备结构强度与寿命全国重点实验室,西安710049 [2]西安航天动力研究所航天液体动力全国重点实验室,西安710100

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2025年第4期1325-1331,共7页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：装备重大基础研究项目群资助项目(514010106-302)。

摘　　要：针对自由表面流动与弹性结构的流固耦合计算效率低、计算耗时长的问题,将流体体积法与基于结构-虚拟弹性体的快速动网格方法相结合,发展了一种适用于自由表面流动的高效流固耦合方法。使用流体体积(volume of fluid,VOF)法对流体自由表面进行追踪;将流体域视为虚拟弹性体并构建结构-虚拟弹性体系统,以流固耦合界面的多相流体力为激励求解系统的动力学方程得到结构振动位移和流场网格变形;在每一个时间步内依次求解流体流动、结构变形和流场动网格,实现流固耦合计算。基于发展的方法计算了溃坝水流冲击下弹性挡板的流固耦合响应,得到了溃坝水流的自由液面和弹性挡板的运动行为,结果表明:自由液面演变和弹性挡板振动位移的计算结果与已有算法的结果吻合良好;在同等网格规模下,与已有算法相比本文方法可减少33.3%的计算时间;在水流冲击作用下,弹性挡板向冲击侧小幅弯曲。随后水流沿挡板左侧上升并形成射流,挡板向另一侧大幅弯曲。最后由于两侧流体的阻尼,挡板振幅逐渐衰减。For the problems of low efficiency and long computational time in the fluid-structure interaction of free-surface flow and elastic structure,an efficient fluid-structure coupling method for free surface flow was developed by combining the volume of fluid method with the fast dynamic mesh method based on the structure-pseudo elastomer.The free surface of the fluid was tracked by volume of fluid(VOF)method.The fluid domain was regarded as a pseudo elastomer,then the structure-pseudo elastomer system was constructed.The multiphase fluid force at the fluid-solid interface was used as the excitation to solve the dynamical equations of the system to obtain the structural vibration displacements and the mesh deformations of the flow field.The fluid flow,structural deformation and the dynamic mesh were solved sequentially at each time step to solve the fluid-structure interaction problem.Based on the developed method,the fluid-structure coupling response of elastic baffle under the impact of dam-breaking flow was calculated.The motion behaviors of the free liquid surface of water and elastic baffle were obtained.The results show that the free liquid surface evolution and elastic baffle vibrational displacements are well in agreement with those of the existing algorithm,under the same mesh size,the method can reduce the computational time by 33.3%compared with the existing algorithms,under the impact of water flow,the elastic baffle is bent slightly to the impact side.Then the water rises along the left side of the baffle and forms a jet,and the baffle is bent greatly to another side.Finally,the amplitude of the baffle gradually decreases due to the damping of the fluid on both sides.

关 键 词：流固耦合 自由表面流动 流体体积(VOF)法 快速动网格方法 溃坝水流 

分 类 号：O353.4[理学—流体力学]