猕猴桃根腐病病原菌的分离鉴定及5种杀菌剂对其室内毒力  

Isolation and identification of pathogens causing root rot of Actinidia chinensis and toxicity test of five fungicides in laboratory

作　　者：李萌悦 张晓勇 迟乃玉[1] 杨友联 LI Meng-yue;ZHANG Xiao-yong;CHI Nai-yu;YANG You-lian(School of Life and Health,Dalian University,Dalian,Liaoning 116622,China;School of Biological Science and Technology,Liupanshui Normal University,Liupanshui,Guizhou 553004,China)

机构地区：[1]大连大学生命健康学院,辽宁大连116622 [2]六盘水师范学院生物科学与技术学院,贵州六盘水553004

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第11期2444-2453,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省高等学校重点实验室建设项目(黔教技[2022]054);六盘水市科技计划项目(52020-2018-03-07);六盘水师范学院研究生专项基金项目(LPSSYLPY202209)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明引起贵州省六盘水市猕猴桃根腐病的病原菌,筛选对其有效的防治药剂,为防治该病害提供依据。【方法】采用组织分离法从猕猴桃根腐病患病根部分离其致病病原菌,结合形态学特征和多基因(ITS、COXⅡ)系统发育分析对致病病原菌进行分类鉴定和生物学特性测定,采用菌丝生长速率法测定5种化学杀菌剂[10%苯醚甲环唑(WG)、98%噁霉灵(SP)、72%唑醚·代森联(WG)、30%精甲·噁霉灵(SLX)和15%三唑酮(WP)]对其室内毒力。【结果】猕猴桃根腐病病原菌为隐地疫霉(Phytophthora cryptogea)、樟疫霉(Ph.cinnamomi)、钟器腐霉(Pythiumvexans)和菜豆壳球孢(Macrophomina phaseoli),其中,隐地疫霉和菜豆壳球孢为优势病原菌,其检出率分别为34%和23%;首次报道菜豆壳球孢是引发猕猴桃根腐病的致病菌。4种致病菌株的生物学特性存在一定差异,其最适生长温度为25~35℃,存在较大差异,其中,隐地疫霉KFR03-15菌株和樟疫霉KFR03-34菌株较低,为25℃,菜豆壳球孢KFR02-17菌株最高,为32~35℃;最适生长pH均为近中性且差异较小。30%精甲·噁霉灵对隐地疫霉、樟疫霉和钟器腐霉有较好的防治效果,其室内毒力EC_(50)均<0.3000μg/mL;72%唑醚·代森联对菜豆壳球孢防效最好,EC_(50)为0.3312μg/mL。【结论】明确猕猴桃根腐病病原菌为隐地疫霉、樟疫霉、钟器腐霉和菜豆壳球孢,生产上可根据实际病原菌选择适宜的药剂进行猕猴桃根腐病的化学防治。【Objective】 The pathogens causing root rot of Actinidia chinensis in Liupanshui, Guizhou province, were studied, and the effective fungicides to it were screened, so as to provide the basis for controlling root rot of A.chinensis.【Method】 Pathogens were isolated from the roots of diseased kiwifruit by tissue separation method, then were analyzed from perspectives of classification and biological characteristics through methods of morphological characteristics and multi-gene(ITS and COXⅡ) phylogenetic analysis.The mycelium growth rate method was used to determine the toxicity test of five fungicides[10% difenoconazole(WG),98% hymexazol(SP),72% pyraclostrobin·metiram(WG),30% hymexazol-M·hymexazol(SLX) and 15% triadimefon(WP)]in laboratory against pathogens.【Result】The root rot of A.chinensis was caused by Phytophthora cryptogea,Ph.cinnamomi,Pythium vexans and Macrophomina phaseoli,in which, Ph.cryptogea and M.phaseoli were dominant pathogens, and their detection rates were 34% and 23%,respectively;M. phaseoli was the first reported for causing root rot of A.chinensis.The biological characteristics of the four pathogens were different, and there was a great difference in optimum growth temperature(25 ℃ to 35 ℃).The optimum growth temperature of Ph.cryptogea KFR03-15 and Ph.cinnamomi KFR03-34 were lower with 25℃,while the optimum growth temperature of M. phaseoli KFR02-17 was the highest with 32–35 ℃.There was a little difference in the optimum growth pH,and they all were neutral.SLX had a good control effect on Ph.cryptogea,P.cinnamomi and P.vexans,and the EC_(50) values were all less than 0.3000 μg/mL;WG was the best fungicide for M. phaseoli,with an EC_(50) value of 0.3312 μg/mL.【Conclusion】 The pathogens causing root rot of A.chinensis are determined as Ph.cryptogea,Ph.cinnamomi,P.vexans,and M. phaseoli.The suitable agents can be selected according to the pathogens for chemical control of root rot of A.chinensis during production.

关 键 词：猕猴桃 根腐病 生物学特性 室内毒力 

分 类 号：S436.634.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]