降水和放牧对沙质草地优势植物出苗和存活的影响  

The impact of grazing and precipitation on the emergence and survival of dominant plants in sandy grassland

作　　者：何玉惠 刘新平 胡鸿姣 徐远志 He Yuhui;Liu Xinping;Hu Hongjiao;Xu Yuanzhi(Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Lanzhou Ecological Agriculture Experimental Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Naiman Desertification Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院兰州生态农业试验研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院奈曼沙漠化研究站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2025年第1期103-111,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区防沙治沙科技创新重大示范工程“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0005);国家自然科学基金项目(41801076);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFHH0063)。

摘　　要：放牧干扰严重影响沙质草地植物的生长生存。为明确放牧对植物幼苗的影响是否因降水变化而产生差异,本研究以沙质草地两种优势一年生植物为研究对象,调查了干湿年份放牧对植物出苗和存活的影响。结果表明:同类型放牧样地湿润年份出苗数量显著高于干旱年份,中度放牧在干湿年份均有利于优势禾草植物狗尾草(Setaria viridis)出苗,而重度放牧有利于优势杂草植物大果虫实(Corispermum macrocarpum)出苗,湿润年份更为显著。干湿年份狗尾草月出苗数呈单峰曲线,而大果虫实在湿润年份出苗数量呈逐月递减趋势。干湿年份狗尾草个体存活数量和幼苗存活率在各放牧样地间没有显著差异,干湿年份大果虫实幼苗存活率随放牧强度增大而降低,但其个体存活数量湿润年份在重度放牧样地较多,而干旱年份在轻度放牧样地较多。Grazing seriously affects the growth and survival of plants in sandy grassland.To clarify whether the impact of grazing on plant seedlings varies with rainfall changes,our study investigated the effects of grazing on seedling emergence and survival of two dominant annual plants in dry and wet years in semi-arid sandy grass-lands.The results showed that moderate grazing was beneficial for seedling emergence of the dominant grass plant Setaria viridis in both dry and wet years,while heavy grazing promoted the seedling emergence of the dom-inant forb plant Corispermum macrocarpum,especially in wet years.Whether in dry or wet years,the monthly emergence of S.viridis increased firstly,and then decreased,with peaking in May.However,the seedling emer-gence of C.macrocarpum decreased with time in wet years.There was no significant difference in individual sur-vival and seedling survival rate of S.viridis among grazing intensities in both dry and wet years.While the seed-ling survival rate of C.macrocarpum decreased with grazing in both dry and wet years.However,the individuals of C.macrocarpum survived more in heavy grazed plots in wet years,and the individuals survived more in light grazed plots in dry years.

关 键 词：降水变化 放牧干扰 优势植物 幼苗出苗 存活 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]