5年降水限制后荒漠草原植物多样性和生产力恢复特征  

Restoring characteristics of plant diversity and productivity in desert steppe after a 5-year precipitation reduction treatment

作　　者：郝芳唯 宋兆斌 李香云 岳平 张晓雪 王怀海 赵杏花 左小安 Hao Fangwei;Song Zhaobin;Li Xiangyun;Yue Ping;Zhang Xiaoxue;Wang Huaihai;Zhao Xinghua;Zuo Xiaoan(Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands/Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室/乌拉特荒漠草原研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2025年第1期112-120,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项课题(2024JBGS0011-02);国家自然科学基金项目(42071140);第二次青藏高原科学考察研究计划项目(2019QZKK0305);中国科学院大学生创新实践训练计划项目。

摘　　要：降水是干旱荒漠草原退化植被恢复和功能维持的重要调控因素。研究荒漠草原退化植被恢复过程中植物多样性和地上净初级生产力(ANPP)对降水变化的响应,对荒漠草原退化生态系统的恢复和管理具有重要意义。以内蒙古乌拉特荒漠草原草本群落为研究对象,在5年(2017-2021年)干旱处理(对照,减雨20%、40%和60%)后进行2年(2022、2023年)恢复,测定了恢复过程中的物种多样性、植物功能性状和ANPP,研究了干旱的遗留效应及生长季降水变化对荒漠草原植物群落恢复力的影响。结果表明:(1)干旱解除2年后,除减雨40%处理的物种丰富度显著低于对照外,其他处理的物种丰富度以及所有处理下的密度、植物功能性状、ANPP均与对照无显著差异,表明荒漠草原具有较强的恢复能力。(2)在恢复期间,生长季降水对植被恢复影响显著:恢复第1年(2022年)生长季降水量较高,减雨40%处理的叶片氮含量显著高于对照,而所有处理的物种丰富度、密度、株高、比叶面积(SLA)、叶干物质含量、叶片厚度(LT)和ANPP均与对照无显著差异。恢复第2年(2023年)的生长季干旱使物种丰富度、密度、SLA、LT和ANPP显著低于第1年,叶片碳氮含量则相反。(3)结构方程模型表明,在恢复过程中,生长季降水变化通过影响LT来间接影响物种丰富度和ANPP,LT是影响恢复过程中物种丰富度和生产力的重要因素。干旱荒漠草原在干旱解除后具有一定的恢复能力,生长季降水变化决定着干旱荒漠草原植物多样性和生产力的恢复,而叶片较厚的植物增加能促进荒漠草原干旱后的植物群落的恢复进程。Precipitation change is an important regulatory factor for the restoration and functional maintenance of degraded vegetation in arid desert steppe.It is of great significance to study the responses of plant diversity and above-ground net primary productivity(ANPP)to precipitation changes during the restoration of degraded desert steppe ecosystems.Therefore,the research object was the herbage community in the Urat desert steppe in Inner Mongolia,which was drought-treated for 5 years(2017-2021)(control,rain reduction of 20%,40%and 60%)and then restored for 2 years(2022 and 2023).We measured species diversity,plant functional traits and ANPP during the restoration process,and studied the legacy effects of different drought intensities and the effects of growing season precipitation changes on the resilience of desert steppe plant communities,providing theoreti-cal basis for ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe.The results showed that:(1)Two years after the drought ended,there was no significant difference in species richness for other treatments and density,plant functional traits and ANPP for all treatments,except that the species richness of 40%treatment was significantly lower than that of the control,indicating that the desert steppe had strong resilience.(2)During recovery,grow-ing season precipitation has significant effects on vegetation restoration:restore 1 year(2022),the growing sea-son has relatively high,the leaf nitrogen content of 40%treatment was significantly greater than the control,meanwhile,the species richness,density,plant height,specific leaf area,leaf dry matter content,leaf thick-ness and ANPP for all treatments were not significantly different from the control.However,in the second year of restoration(2023),the growing season drought significantly reduced the species richness,density,ANPP,SLA and LT,while the leaf carbon and nitrogen content was the opposite.(3)The structural equation model showed that during the restoration process,the change of growing season precipitation indi

关 键 词：生长季降水量 植被恢复 物种多样性 地上净初级生产力 功能性状 

分 类 号：Q948.11[生物学—植物学]