干旱半干旱区草地植物-土壤响应降水和管理措施的研究综述  

Review on responses of grassland plant-soil to precipitation and management measures in arid and semi-arid areas of China

作　　者：张蕊 赵学勇 李刚 武雅琳 刘新平 Zhang Rui;Zhao Xueyong;Li Gang;Wu Yalin;Liu Xinping(Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Naiman Desertification Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Urat Desert-grassland Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Daliushu State-owned Sand Control Forest Farm in Naiman Banner,Naiman Banner 028300,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院奈曼沙漠化研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院乌拉特荒漠草原研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [4]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [5]奈曼旗大柳树国有治沙林场,内蒙古奈曼旗028300

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2025年第1期131-140,共10页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室运行费项目(E451890201);国家自然科学基金项目(42207538,42342037);内蒙古自治区防沙治沙科技创新重大示范工程“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0005-1)。

摘　　要：北方干旱半干旱区是中国乃至北半球的重要生态安全屏障,也是丝绸之路经济带的关键区域。干旱半干旱区草地生态系统具有重要的生态和生产功能,深刻影响着该区的生态环境和社会经济发展。伴随着气候变化和人类活动的加剧,原本脆弱的干旱半干旱草地生态系统植物、土壤发生着显著的变化。本文综述了中国北方干旱半干旱草地植物-土壤对降水和生态系统管理措施响应的研究进展,明确了降水增减、放牧、封育和养分添加对植物特征(多样性、功能性状、生产力等)和土壤属性(土壤理化性质和土壤呼吸等)的影响,系统阐述了降水变化和不同管理措施下干旱半干旱区草地植物、土壤的变化规律。这些认识可以为合理利用草地资源、修复退化生态系统以及治理荒漠化土地提供借鉴,也可以加深理解草地生态系统对气候变化和人类活动的响应过程,从而更可靠地预测草地生态系统的未来演化趋势,为准确评估北方生态建设面临的风险提供参考资料。今后可加强荒漠化土地治理过程中生态系统稳定性和多功能性方面的研究。The arid and semi-arid region in northern China is an important ecological security barrier and a key area of the Silk Road Economic Belt.Arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystem has important ecological and pro-duction functions,which profoundly affects the ecological environment and,social and economic development of the area.With the intensification of climate change and anthropogenic activities,the plants and soil in the arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystem have undergone significant changes.The responses of plant-soil to precipita-tion and ecosystem management measures in arid and semi-arid grassland in northern China were reviewed in this paper.The effects of precipitation increase and decrease,grazing,enclosure and nutrient addition on plant characteristics(diversity,functional traits,productivity,etc.)and soil properties(soil physicochemical proper-ties and soil respiration,etc.)were clarified.The changes of grassland plants and soil under precipitation changes and different management measures in arid and semi-arid areas were described systematically.These understand-ing can provide reference for rational use of grassland resources,restoration of degraded ecosystems and deserti-fication management.At the same time,it can deepen the understanding of the response of grassland ecosystem to climate change and anthropogenic activities,so as to predict the future evolution trend of grassland ecosystem more reliably,and provide reference materials for accurately assessing the risks faced by ecological construction in northern China.The research of ecosystem stability and multi-functionality in the process of desertification land management should be strengthened in the future.

关 键 词：降水变化 草地生态系统 群落特征 土壤有机碳 生态系统多功能性 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]