植物纤维网沙障防风效能的风洞试验  

Wind tunnel simulations on windbreak efficiency of sand barriers made of plant fiber nets

作　　者：邓雅文 俎瑞平 宗玉梅 王军战 李毅 Deng Yawen;Zu Ruiping;Zong Yumei;Wang Junzhan;Li Yi(Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shaanxi Xuelin Education Science and Technology Research Institute,Xi'an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]陕西学林教育科技研究院,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2025年第1期242-248,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4102102);国家自然科学基金项目(41977416)。

摘　　要：格状沙障是目前应用最普遍的风沙防护措施,而沙障规格直接决定其防护效益。通过系统的风洞试验,获得不同规格(H/L分别为0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2、0.25、0.3,H为障高,L为顺风向障边距)植物纤维网沙障的风速数据,对其流场结构、风速廓线及防风效能进行了分析。结果表明:(1)不同规格的沙障具有相似的流场结构,依据功能可划分为障前减速区、遇阻抬升区、集流加速区和沙障内部涡旋减速区等4部分。(2)对同一规格沙障而言,不同位置风速廓线呈现不同形式。在距离沙障较远的上风向,风速廓线呈现对数变化形式,当靠近沙障时,风速廓线开始偏离对数分布,特别在两道沙障之间,风速廓线呈现不规则变化形式。(3)随着沙障高度的增加,防风效能也呈现一定的增加趋势。H/L为0.25和0.1的沙障防风效能较高,H/L为0.05的沙障防风效能不理想。Checkboard sand barriers are currently the most widely used measure for wind and sand protection,and the specifications of the sand barriers directly determine their protective effectiveness.Through systematic wind tunnel experiments,this study obtained wind speed data for plant fiber net sand barriers with different speci-fications at various heights and positions,and analyzed their flow field structure,wind speed profiles,and wind-break efficiency.The results indicate:(1)Sand barriers with different specifications exhibit similar flow field structures,and could be functionally divided into four parts:a pre-barrier deceleration zone,an obstacle-encoun-tered lift zone,a flow concentration and acceleration zone,and an internal vortex deceleration zone within the sand barriers.(2)For the same specification of sand barriers,wind speed profiles vary at different positions.Far upstream from the sand barriers,the wind speed profiles exhibit logarithmic changes.As approaching the sand barriers,the wind speed profiles begin to deviate from logarithmic distribution,particularly between two sand barriers,the wind speed profiles show irregular changes.(3)As the height of the sand barriers increases,the windbreak efficiency also shows a certain increasing trend.Sand barriers with height-to-spacing ratios of 0.25 and 0.1 exhibit relatively high windbreak efficiency,while those with a height-to-spacing ratio of 0.05 have less ideal windbreak efficiency.The above research findings can provide a reference for the scientific configuration of sand barriers in windbreak and sand-fixation practices.

关 键 词：风洞试验 沙障流场 风速廓线 防风效能 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]