西安春季沙尘对环境空气质量的影响及来源  

Influence and source analysis of Spring dust storm on ambient air quality in Xi'an,China

作　　者：李丽 肖舜 董治宝 吕萍 王娜[2] 张佳音 韩婧 张壮壮 米娜 刘随心[6] 刘建宝 Li Li;Xiao Shun;Dong Zhibao;Lv Ping;Wang Na;Zhang Jiayin;Han Jing;Zhang Zhuangzhuang;Mi Na;Liu Suixin;Liu Jianbao(School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China;Shaanxi Climate Center,Xi'an 710014,China;Shaanxi Provincial Environmental Monitoring Central Station,Xi'an 710054,China;Xi'an Environmental Monitoring Station,Xi'an 710018,China;Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research,Xi'an 710061,China;Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710061,China;College of Urban and Environment Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,陕西西安710119 [2]陕西省气候中心,陕西西安710014 [3]陕西省环境监测中心站,陕西西安710054 [4]西安市环境监测站,陕西西安710018 [5]西安地球环境创新研究院,陕西西安710061 [6]中国科学院地球环境研究所,陕西西安710061 [7]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2025年第1期266-276,共11页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42171158,41771220);陕西省重点研发计划社会发展领域一般项目(2021SF-435);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(42225105)。

摘　　要：西安是中国北方沙尘过境的重要影响区域,为研究西安春季沙尘期间大气颗粒物浓度在不同时间尺度上的变化特征及潜在源区,对2023年3-5月西安市环境空气质量连续监测数据进行综合分析,并利用HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式对一次典型沙尘过程进行聚类分析、潜在源贡献因子分析(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹分析(CWT)。结果表明:(1)2023年春季西安市共发生9次沙尘过程,一次扬沙,其余均为浮尘;沙尘分布集中在3-4月,呈现出西多东少、周边多城中少的空间格局。(2)大气颗粒物浓度在不同时间尺度上呈现出显著响应特征。春季沙尘期PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)浓度远高于非沙尘期,且PM_(10)显著高于PM_(2.5);PM_(2.5)与PM_(10)浓度月变化整体呈现先增后减的波动性变化特征,PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)值3月>5月>4月,PM_(2.5)与PM_(10)相关性3月<5月<4月。(3)4月20-21日一次扬沙过程中,PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)浓度均呈现单峰型变化;PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)比值呈现“U”型变化;NO_(2)、SO_(2)和CO浓度均呈现下降趋势,而O_(3)浓度呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势。(4)4月20-21日沙尘过程由蒙古高压和地面冷锋过境形成,输沙路径有西北路径、偏北路径以及偏东路径,沙尘源地为中国腾格里沙漠、巴丹吉林沙漠、库布齐沙漠、毛乌素沙地、蒙古国南部的戈壁沙漠以及河南北部的沙地。As an important hub city of the"Silk Road Economic Belt",Xi'an is located in the Guanzhong Ba‐sin,bordering the Loess Plateau to the north,Qinling Mountains to the south,and a large number of gobi desert distributed in the northwest,which is an important influence area of sand and dust transit in northern China.In order to study the variation characteristics and potential source areas of atmospheric particulate matter concentration on different time scales during Spring dust in Xi'an,this paper comprehensively analyzes the continuous monitoring data of ambient air quality in Xi'an from March to May 2023.The cluster analysis,potential source factor analysis(PSCF)and concentration weight trajectory analysis(CWT)of a typical dust process were carried out by using HYSPLIT backward trajectory model.The results show that:(1)In the Spring of 2023,there were 9 dust processes in Xi'an,one of which was blowing sand and the rest was floating dust;The dust distribution was concentrated in March and April,showing a spatial pattern of more in the west and less in the east,more in the surrounding area and less in the city.(2)The concentration of atmospheric particulate matter presented significant response characteristics on different time scales.Specifically,the concentrations of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in the dust period were much higher than those in the non-dust period,and PM_(10) was significantly higher than PM_(2.5).The monthly variation of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) concentration showed a fluctuating change characteristic of first increasing and then decreasing.The ratio of PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) showed the characteristics of March>May>April,while the correlation between PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) showed the characteristics of March<May<April.(3)In the process of sand lifting from April 20 to 21,the concentration of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) showed a"single-peak"type change,the PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) ratio showed an inverted"U"pattern change.The concentrations of NO_(2),SO_(2) and CO all showed a decreasing trend,while the concentration of O_(3) sho

关 键 词：沙尘 环境空气质量 来源 春季 西安 

分 类 号：P425.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]