光伏电站建设的生态效应:光伏治沙研究进展与展望  

Ecological effects of photovoltaic power station construction:retrospect and prospect on photovoltaic desertification control

作　　者：刘坤 王波[4] 张发国 吴晓 王睿 张峰 贾蓉[5] 张红星 未丽 董礼[4] 包爱科 Liu Kun;Wang Bo;Zhang Faguo;Wu Xiao;Wang Rui;Zhang Feng;Jia Rong;Zhang Hongxing;Wei Li;Dong Li;Bao Aike(College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Ecology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;CNG Wind Energy Co.,LTD,Beijing 100071,China;Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute,Beijing 102200,China;Huaneng Shaanxi Power Generation Co.,LTD,Xi'an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]兰州大学生态学院,甘肃兰州730000 [4]中广核风电有限公司,北京100071 [5]中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司,北京102200 [6]华能陕西发电有限公司,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2025年第1期277-291,共15页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1303405);中国华能集团总部科技项目(HNKJ21-H76)。

摘　　要：土地荒漠化对全球范围内粮食安全产生巨大威胁,在生态和社会层面产生严重的负面影响,造成巨大的经济损失。随着光伏技术的发展及其产业链的日趋成熟,光伏电站在光热条件优越、土地廉价、干旱半干旱地区大规模建设,光伏治沙技术也随之产生。该技术是将光伏发电、防治沙漠化、节水农业技术相结合的一种创新方法,旨在利用沙漠丰富的太阳能资源进行清洁能源生产,同时通过工程措施、生态措施、光伏治沙单元(即单个电站)的多尺度空间布局来防治沙漠化,改善生态环境,达到生产和生态双赢的效果。通过综合国内外相关文献报道以及本课题组实践经验,梳理了光伏治沙技术的发展轨迹,提出了用于理解光伏治沙理念和效益的光伏-土壤-植被耦合系统,阐明了该技术的基本原理、具体措施和实践意义,并对其研究和实践进行了展望,以期为光伏治沙技术进一步优化及其规模化应用提供参考。Land desertification poses a significant threat to global food security,exerting severe adverse impacts on ecological and social systems,while also resulting in substantial economic losses.With the development of photovoltaic technology and the maturation of its industrial chain,coupled with the favorable solar and thermal conditions as well as cost-effective land availability in arid and semi-arid regions,large-scale construction of pho-tovoltaic power stations has become feasible,and consequently,a novel technique known as photovoltaic desert-ification control has emerged to effectively combat desertification.This technology represents an innovative ap-proach that integrates photovoltaic power generation,desertification prevention,and water-saving agricultural technology.Its primary objective is to harness the abundant solar energy resources in deserts for clean energy pro-duction while simultaneously preventing desertification through a multi-scale spatial layout of engineering,eco-logical measures,and photovoltaic sand control units(i.e,individual power stations).This comprehensive strate-gy aims to enhance the ecological environment and achieve a mutually beneficial outcome for both productivity and ecology.Drawing on relevant literature and the practical experience of our research group,this paper pro-vides a comprehensive review of the development trajectory of photovoltaic desertification control technology.It introduces the concept and benefits of the photovoltaic-soil-vegetation coupling system to enhance understand-ing,while elucidating the fundamental principles,specific measures,and practical significance of this technolo-gy.Furthermore,it presents future prospects for research and implementation.The aim of this review is to pro-vide valuable guidance for the further optimization of photovoltaic desertification control technology and its large-scale application.

关 键 词：荒漠化 光伏 植被恢复 治沙 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]