雅鲁藏布江流域输沙势空间特征  

The spatial variations of sand drift potential in Yarlung Zangbo River Basin

作　　者：张令光 沈才生 黄艳丽 扎多 拉珍 张焱 张正偲 Zhang Lingguang;Shen Caisheng;Huang Yanli;Zaduo;Lazhen;Zhang Yan;Zhang Zhengcai(Key Laboratory of Qian Xuesen Deserticulture of Shaanxi Higher Education Institute,School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China;Policy Research Office of the CPC Xizang Autonomous Region Committee,Lhasa 850000,China;Xizang Meteorological Administration,Lhasa 850005,China;Shannan Meteorological Bureau,Shannan 856000,Xizang,China;Xizang Climate Center,Lhasa 850000,China;Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院钱学森沙产业陕西省高等学校重点实验室,陕西西安710119 [2]中国共产党西藏自治区委员会政策研究室,西藏拉萨850000 [3]西藏自治区气象局,西藏拉萨850005 [4]山南市气象局,西藏山南856000 [5]西藏自治区气候中心,西藏拉萨850000 [6]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2025年第1期304-317,共14页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：西藏自治区“十三五”重点规划项目“雅江北岸易地扶贫搬迁区沙尘监测与预报预警系统建设”;科技部科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY202304);中央高校基本业务经费项目(GK202306002,GK202309006);山南市科学技术局项目(2022BJKJJHXM-007)。

摘　　要：风是风沙灾害形成的动力条件。雅鲁藏布江(简称“雅江”)流域风沙危害严重,但目前对该地区输沙势的时空差异研究不足,限制了对该地区风沙灾害形成过程、灾害防治措施的合理布局以及沙尘天气形成与发展的深入理解。对沿江39个气象站2022年全年风速和风向数据进行分析,计算输沙势,以评估雅江流域风沙活动强度。结果表明:(1)雅江流域输沙势空间差异明显,上游年输沙势最大(418.2±149.2 VU),下游其次(197.8±68.9 VU),中游最小(94.1±22.1 VU)。上游的仲巴和亚热,中游的曲松3个站点属于高风能环境;中游的昌果、定结、吞巴等9个站点属于中风能环境,其他站点属于低风能环境。上、中、下游地区不同季节之间输沙势均无统计学差异,意味着该地区全年均具有形成风沙灾害的动力条件。(2)上游和中游地区年合成输沙方向集中在ENE方向(50%和22%),下游地区集中在SW方向(50%)。(3)上游和下游地区不同季节合成输沙方向无显著差异,中游地区不同季节合成输沙方向存在明显差异,夏季集中在WSW-NNW方向(44%),其余季节则集中在N-E方向(38%~55%)。(4)根据合成输沙方向,雅江流域沙尘传输方向主要为NE和ENE,这与沿江地区沙丘分布位置相吻合。根据输沙势的研究结果,雅江流域的风沙灾害防治应该以高风能地区的河流宽谷、河漫滩和江心洲为主。Wind is the power for the aeolian hazards formation.The Yarlung Zangbo River Basin is one of the se-rious aeolian hazard regions in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.However,there was few studies about the spatial-temporal variations of wind regime in this basin,which limited the comprehension and cognition of the features of aeolian transportation,the combats of aeolian hazards,and the occurrences and processes of dusty weather.We selected 39 meteorological stations along the river and analyzed the wind velocities and directions in 2022.Drift potential was calculated to evaluate the intensity of aeolian activities.The results showed that:(1)Drift po-tential in the upper reaches was the highest(418.2±149.2 VU),second was the lower reaches(197.8±68.9 VU),and the middle reaches least(94.1±22.1 VU).Zhongba,Yagra(upper reaches)and Qusum(middle reaches)belonged to the high wind energy environment.9 stations,including Changguo,Dinggye,and Tumba(middle reaches)belonged to the medium wind energy environment.The other stations belonged to the low wind energy environment.Drift potential had no significant difference among spring,summer,autumn,and winter(P>0.05),which means the power conditions for aeolian hazards exist in the whole year.(2)Annual resultant drift direction in the upper and middle reaches was primary from ENE(50%and 22%),and from SW in the low-er reaches(50%).(3)Seasonal drift potential displayed that there was no significant difference among different seasons in the upper and lower reaches,but the middle reaches were opposite.In summer,resultant drift direc-tions in the middle reaches were between WSW and NNW(44%),while other seasons were between N and E(38%-55%).(4)According to the resultant drift directions,the dust transportation directions in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin were mainly NE and ENE,which were consistent with the spatial position of dunes.Based on the research of drift potential,the wide valley,floodplain,and central island in the river exposed in the high wind energy environment need to be pai

关 键 词：雅鲁藏布江流域 输沙势 空间分布 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]