高斯定理及原子模型的建立  

GAUSS’LAW AND FOUNDATION OF ATOMIC MODEL

作　　者：罗炜 汤睿 王学进[2] 赵云 刘玉颖[2] LUO Wei;TANG Rui;WANG Xuejin;ZHAO Yun;LIU Yuying(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083;College of Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]中国农业大学理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《物理与工程》2024年第6期118-123,共6页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：北京高等教育本科教学改革创新项目农林专业理科强基3+1核心能力体系研究(202010019004)。

摘　　要：在大学物理中,高斯定理及其应用是最基本且重要的内容。本文基于高斯定理分析球对称性分布的电场,深入探讨了具有球对称性的几种原子模型的场的特点。包括汤姆逊原子模型、卢瑟福核式模型、玻尔氢原子模型,充分体现了高斯定理在原子物理中的具体应用。高斯定理应用于原子模型有助于分析理解和灵活运用高斯定理及量子物理相关知识,该教学内容与方法是对大学物理教学的有益尝试和补充。Gauss'law and its applications are fundamental and important content in college physics.In this paper,we analyze the electric field with spherical symmetry based on Gauss's Law,and deeply explore the characteristics of the fields of several atomic models with spherical symmetry,such as Thomson's Plum Pudding model,the Rutherford nuclear atom model,and the Bohr model of hydrogen atom,fully demonstrating the specific applications of Gauss'law in atomic physics.Applying Gauss'law to various atomic models can help us comprehensively understand and flexibly apply Gauss'law and knowledge related to quantum physics.This teaching content and approach serve as a beneficial attempt and supplement to physics education.

关 键 词：高斯定理 电场强度 汤姆逊原子模型 卢瑟福核式模型 玻尔氢原子模型 

分 类 号：O44[理学—电磁学]