公路桥梁承载能力检测评定技术进展  

Research Advances on Load-carrying Capacity Evaluation Technology of Highway Bridges

作　　者：伊廷华[1] 郑旭 杨东辉 李宏男[1] YI Ting-hua;ZHENG Xu;YANG Dong-hui;LI Hong-nan(Department of Civil Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116023,Liaoning,China;School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 102616,China;Key Laboratory of Damage Diagnosis for Engineering Structures of Hunan Province,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学土木工程系,辽宁大连116023 [2]北京建筑大学土木与交通工程学院,北京102616 [3]湖南大学工程结构损伤诊断湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410012

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2025年第1期129-143,共15页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52208147,52438003,52078102);北京高校卓越青年科学家计划项目(JWZQ20240101018);湖南大学工程结构损伤诊断湖南省重点实验室开放基金项目;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(DUT24BS051)。

摘　　要：承载能力是反映公路桥梁服役性能的关键指标,其可靠评定可为桥梁安全风险预判提供基础,并为加固改造等科学决策提供依据。首先从评定目标和方法2个方面深度剖析了桥梁承载能力评定的内涵,介绍了中美两国承载能力评定技术标准的发展历程;阐述了验证荷载试验和诊断荷载试验技术的实施方法和评定原理,验证荷载试验可直接判断桥梁承载能力是否满足要求,而诊断荷载试验因反映桥梁信息多、实施方便快捷等优势应是未来重点发展方向;对比了各国规范中承载能力分析检算评定理论,归纳了结构直接检测、状态参数映射和时变劣化模型预测3类抗力修正方法,从荷载和桥梁分析模型两方面阐述了桥梁实际荷载效应的修正方法,分析了各国规范中规定的桥梁评定目标可靠度,英、美规范通过折减设计分项系数的方式建立了多水准评定目标可靠度,值得中国评定规范借鉴;并从测试方法、评定理论与技术装备3个方面对桥梁承载能力评定的未来发展方向进行了展望。Load-carrying capacity is a key index reflecting the service performance of highway bridges.Its reliable evaluation is key for determining the safety risk of bridges in advance,which can provide an important basis for decision-making,such as that pertaining to bridge reinforcement and reconstruction.In this study,the connotations of bridge load-carrying capacity evaluation were analyzed from the aspects of evaluation targets and evaluation methods,the current development of technical standards for load-carrying capacity evaluation in the United States and China was introduced,and the implementation method and evaluation theory of proof and diagnostic load-testing methods were demonstrated.Proof load testing can directly determine whether the bridge load-carrying capacity satisfies the requirements,whereas diagnostic load testing should be further developed in the future as it offers more bridge information and ease of implementation.Additionally,in this study,the verification theory used for the load-carrying capacity in the codes of various countries was systematically compared;three types of resistance correction methods,including direct structural testing,state-parameter mapping,and a time-varying deterioration-prediction model,were summarized;the correction methods for the bridge load effect were described comprehensively in terms of load and bridge models;and the reliability targets of bridge evaluation in various countries were analyzed.The British and American codes have established a multilevel evaluation reliability target by discounting the design load and resistance factor,which is worthy of reference for the Chinese bridge evaluation code.Finally,an outlook into the future development of load-carrying capacity evaluation methods in terms of testing methods,evaluation theories,and technological equipment is presented.

关 键 词：桥梁工程 承载能力 综述 荷载试验 分析检算 可靠度 

分 类 号：U446.3[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]