地膜材料与厚度对地膜回收及棉花生长的影响  

Influence of plastic film material and thickness on plastic film recovery and cotton growth

作　　者：田馨 张涵 孙诗冉 罗鑫兰 赵淑梅[1] 郑亮[1] TIAN Xin;ZHANG Han;SUN Shiran;LUO Xinlan;ZHAO Shumei;ZHENG Liang(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第1期206-214,共9页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC01-2023-20)。

摘　　要：为优选适宜棉花种植的地膜材料和厚度,选用3种不同材料的聚乙烯材料地膜,A地膜(FB2230)、B地膜(90%FK1828+10%树脂)和C地膜(80%DFDA7042+20%FK1828),设置10、15和20μm共3种厚度,以市售传统线性低密度聚乙烯地膜(DFDA7042)作为对照(CK),在新疆乌苏地区棉田中进行地膜对比试验。用电子拉力试验机测试不同覆盖时期地膜的力学性能,结合含杂率、回收率、覆膜后土壤温湿度情况以及棉花产量对地膜性能进行综合评估。结果表明:1)力学性能方面,在纵向断裂拉伸强度上A、B和C地膜至少优于CK地膜42.8%、33.1%和12.9%。A地膜最优,B次之,2种地膜在15μm时机械性能最好,抗拉且不易变形,适用于机械化搂膜生产。2)回收性能方面,随着厚度增大,地膜含杂率下降,回收率上升。A和B地膜厚度为15μm时回收效果较好,易回收且含杂少。3)地膜材料方面,A地膜材料FB2230强度和抗老化能力均较为优异,B地膜材料FK1828覆膜初期强度好,抗老化能力欠佳,但FK1828作为混合材料具有良好的应用前景,同时在提高地温上效果较好,能促进棉花产量提升。综上,主要材料为聚乙烯FB2230和FK1828的地膜,厚度为15μm时力学性能好,回收率高且卷入杂质少,能有效保持地温,增加棉花产量,适宜用于棉花种植和机械化回收。In order to optimize the suitable plastic film material and thickness for cotton cultivation,three different materials of polyethylene plastic film,A plastic film(FB2230),B plastic film(90%FK1828+10%resin)and C plastic film(80%DFDA7042+20%FK1828),were selected.Three thicknesses of 10,15 and 20μm were set,and the commercially available linear low-density polyethylene plastic film(DFDA7042)was used as the control(CK).Plastic film experiments were conducted in cotton fields in the Wusu region of Xinjiang.Electronic tensile testing machine was taken to test the mechanical properties of plastic film at different coverage periods,and the performance of plastic film by combining impurity content,recovery rate,soil temperature and humidity after film covering,and cotton yield were comprehensively evaluated.The results show that:1)In terms of mechanical properties,the A,B,and C films have at least 42.8%,33.1%and 12.9%better longitudinal tensile strength than Ck films.Among which,the A film has the best mechanical properties,followed by the B film.Both films have the best mechanical properties at 15μm,with tensile strength and less deformation,making them suitable for mechanized film production.2)In terms of recycling performance,with the increase of thickness,the impurity content of the plastic film decreases and the recycling rate increases.Both the A and B plastic films have good recovery effect at 15μm,which are easy to recover and contain less impurities.3)In terms of plastic film materials,A plastic film material FB2230 has excellent strength and anti-aging ability,B plastic film material FK1828 has good initial strength and poor anti-aging ability,but FK1828 has better application prospect as a mixed material.At the same time,FK1828 displays better effect on increasing ground temperature,and can promote cotton yield.In summary,at a thickness of 15μm,plastic films that the main components of are polyethylene FB2230 and FK1828.have better mechanical properties,higher recovery rate and less impurities.The films can

关 键 词：地膜材料 力学性能 含杂率 拾净率 土壤温湿度 

分 类 号：S31[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] X71[农业科学—农艺学]