中间介质汽化器超临界传热试验技术研究  

Study on the intermediate fluid vaporizer supercritical heat transfer test system

作　　者：周兵 陈永东 王严冬 倪利刚 ZHOU Bing;CHEN Yongdong;WANG Yandong;NI Ligang(Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,合肥230031

出　　处：《流体机械》2025年第1期10-16,24,共8页Fluid Machinery

基　　金：安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(1804a09020002)。

摘　　要：针对中间介质汽化器(IFV)热力设计方法验证支撑不足和IFV传热试验技术研究不充分的现状,试制了具有完整结构的IFV测试样机,开发出IFV超临界汽化传热性能测试系统,并以液氮为工作介质,开展实验室条件下IFV超临界传热与流动性能试验。结果表明:试验系统气相温度测点均方根偏差在1℃范围,液相测点均方根偏差在0.1℃范围,系统测点温度均匀性良好;冷热两侧工作介质热平衡误差在5%范围内,试验样机和测试系统设计合理;针对IFV沸腾传热,在小壁温过热度条件下,采用Cooper准则式较为冒进,试验条件下推荐使用Mostinsk准则式,并按10%余量进行设计,经修正的传热系数计算值和试验测算值误差小于5%;试验条件下,冷凝平均换热系数实测值较基于分段计算的计算值低20%左右;同时,分析了中间介质冷凝削弱的原因,从结构、传热设计及调试安装等方面提出改进建议。研究结果可为IFV超临界传热设计提供试验和验证技术支撑,为IFV产品工程设计提供参考。To address the lack of sufficient validation for the thermodynamic design methods of intermediate fluid vaporizers(IFV)and the inadequacy of research on IFV heat transfer testing technologies,a fully structured IFV test prototype was developed.Additionally,an IFV supercritical vaporization heat transfer performance test system was established using liquid nitrogen as the working medium.Laboratory tests on IFV supercritical heat transfer and flow performance were conducted.The results show that the root mean square deviation of gas-phase temperature measurement points in the experimental system is within 1℃,and the deviation for liquid-phase measurement points is within 0.1℃,demonstrating good temperature uniformity across the measurement points.The thermal balance error of the working medium on both the hot and cold sides is within 5%,indicating that the prototype and testing system are reasonably designed.For IFV boiling heat transfer,the Cooper criterion is found to be overly optimistic under conditions of low wall superheat.Instead,the Mostinsk criterion is recommended,with an additional 10%design margin.The error between the corrected heat transfer coefficient calculations and the experimental measurements is less than 5%.Under experimental conditions,the measured average condensation heat transfer coefficient is approximately 20%lower than the calculated value based on segmented calculations.The causes of weakened condensation in the intermediate medium are analyzed,and improvement suggestions are proposed from the perspectives of structure optimization,heat transfer design and commissioning and installation.This research provides experimental and validation support for the design of IFV supercritical heat transfer systems and serve as a reference for the engineering design of IFV products.

关 键 词：中间介质汽化器 超临界 传热 测试系统 性能试验 

分 类 号：TH49[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U464.136[机械工程—车辆工程] TB61[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]