汽轮机推力轴承浮动挡油环碰磨原因分析及处理措施  

Analysis and measures for the floating oil ring rubbing in the thrust bearing of the steam turbine

作　　者：彭兴华 PENG Xinghua(Fujian Fuqing Nuclear Power Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou 350300,China)

机构地区：[1]福建福清核电有限公司,福州350300

出　　处：《流体机械》2025年第1期113-118,共6页Fluid Machinery

摘　　要：为解决汽轮机浮动挡油环与转子碰磨引起的汽轮机振动超标的问题,对浮动挡油环工作原理、工作特性、工作受力和泄漏量等进行了分析,研究发现,进油端浮动挡油环与轴的配合间隙设置合理,能够自由浮动,不存在卡涩和碰磨;但出油端浮动挡油环与轴的上部装配间隙偏小,且防转调节压板与瓦套凹槽上部和侧面间隙设置偏小,运转中挡油环被瓦套夹紧在转轴上,不能自由浮动,碰磨造成汽轮机转子振动偏高。经过对出油端挡油环配合间隙的调整,将防转调节压板与瓦套凹槽的上部、侧面间隙从0.10 mm调整为0.30 mm,将浮动挡油环提起来,保持挡油环底部与轴接触,装配间隙控制在0~0.05 mm,挡油环顶部与轴的间隙控制在0.55~0.76 mm,同时,保证挡油环与轴的垂直度、与各端面的平面度不超过0.03 mm。通过挡油环与轴、各端面配合间隙的调整和装配,实现了挡油环的自由浮动,彻底解决了浮动挡油环碰磨和汽轮机轴瓦振动高的问题。研究结果可为浮动挡油环的设计和应用提供参考。To address the vibration issue caused by the rubbing between the floating oil ring and the shaft in the thrust bearing of the steam turbine,the working principle,working characteristics,leakage rate,and structural relationship of the floating oil ring were analyzed.The results revealed that the clearance between the floating oil ring and the shaft at the oil inlet was reasonably arranged,allowing the floating oil ring to operate freely without jamming.However,the upper assembly gap between the floating oil ring and the shaft at the outlet was relatively small,and the anti-rotation adjusting pressure plate and bush groove upper and side clearances were insufficient.Consequently,the running oil ring,which was clamped on the shaft,could not float freely,resulting in high vibration caused by rubbing.After optimizing the design,the clearance of the floating oil ring at the oil inlet and the upper part and side of the groove of the anti-rotation adjusting pressure plate and tile sleeve was adjusted to 0.10 mm to 0.30 mm,and the floating oil ring was lifted and installed to ensure free floating without rubbing.Additionally,the assembly clearance should be controlled at 0.05 mm,and the clearance between the top of the floating oil ring and the shaft should be maintained at 0.55~0.76 mm to ensure that the floating oil ring operates stably.The vertical deviation of flatness is also limited to no more than 0.03 mm.The results show that by addressing the free-floating clearance of the floating oil ring and correcting the alignment deviation,the rubbing issue between the floating oil ring and the shaft is effectively resolved.This study provides a reference for solving vibration problems in the thrust bearing of steam turbines caused by floating oil ring rubbing.

关 键 词：振动 浮动 油膜 泄漏量 

分 类 号：TH136.2[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TB42[一般工业技术]