天津市居民饮水类型现状及影响因素分析  

Current status of drinking water types among residents in Tianjin,China and related influencing factors

作　　者：赵亮[1] 张可欣 张磊[1] 胡海娟 符刚[1] 崔玉山[1] ZHAO Liang;ZHANG Ke-xin;ZHANG Lei;HU Hai-juan;FU Gang;CUI Yu-shan(Institute of Environment and Public Health,Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300011,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心环境健康与公共卫生所,天津300011

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2025年第2期105-111,共7页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82173641);天津市第二批卫生健康行业高层次人才选拔培养工程项目(TJSQNYXXR-D2-151);天津市卫生健康科技项目资助(TJWJ2023MS041);天津市医学重点学科(专科)建设项目流行病学-非传染病预防与控制(TJYXZDXK-051A)。

摘　　要：目的了解天津市居民饮水类型情况,为开展饮水人体健康风险评价提供本地化暴露途径,为饮水健康宣教和干预提供方向。方法2022年采用面对面问卷调查的方法,在天津市开展居民饮水类型和家用净水设备使用情况调查,获得饮水暴露途径。结果共调查居民3202人,回收有效问卷3201份,问卷有效率为99.97%。60.61%的天津市居民为1种饮水类型,39.39%为多种饮水类型。管网自来水(41.02%)和家用净水器过滤水(40.83%)是主要饮水类型。不同地区、年龄、文化程度和家庭人均年收入人群饮水类型不同(P<0.05),城区偏向于饮用家用净水器过滤水(49.39%),农区偏向于饮用桶装水(43.43%);儿童青少年(43.36%)和成人(42.64%)饮用家用净水器过滤水的比例较高,老年人饮用管网自来水的比例较高(54.08%);小学及以下(49.87%)、初中(44.88%)和高中/中专/技校(47.40%)饮用管网自来水的比例较高,大专(42.38%)、本科(56.17%)和研究生及以上(55.17%)饮用家用净水器过滤水的比例较高;家庭人均年收入为<5万元(45.59%)的饮用管网自来水的比例较高,其余各家庭人均年收入(42.92%~75.44%)组别均为饮用家用净水器过滤水的比例较高。9.03%的天津市居民存在不合理使用家用净水设备的情况。结论天津市居民主要饮水类型为管网自来水和家用净水器过滤水,在进行饮用水人体健康风险评价时,应根据不同情况选取不同的饮水类型作为暴露途径。应加强对居民饮用水相关知识的科普宣传,引导居民正确使用净水设备。Objective To investigate the drinking water types of residents in Tianjin,China,to provide localized exposure pathways for health risk assessment of drinking water,and to provide directions for drinking water health education and intervention.Methods A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted in Tianjin to investigate the types of drinking water and the use of household water purification equipment among residents and obtain the pathways of drinking water exposure in 2022.Results The survey was conducted among 3202 residents,and 3201 valid questionnaires were collected,with a valid rate of 99.97%.Among these residents,60.61%had one type of drinking water,while 39.39%had multiple types of drinking water.Tap water(41.02%)and household filtered water(40.83%)were the main types of drinking water.There were significant differences in the types of drinking water between the populations of different regions,ages,education levels,and household per capita incomes(P<0.05).The people in urban areas preferred drinking water filtered by household water purifiers(49.39%),while those in rural areas preferred drinking bottled water(43.43%).Children and adolescents(43.36%)and adults(42.64%)preferred drinking water filtered by household water purifiers,and the elderly preferred to drink tap water(54.08%).The respondents with an education level of primary school or below(49.87%),junior high school(44.88%),and high school/technical school(47.40%)preferred drinking tap water,while college students(42.38%),undergraduate students(56.17%),and graduate students or above(55.17%)preferred drinking water filtered by household water purifiers.For the group of respondents with a household annual per capita income of<50000 yuan,45.59%preferred drinking tap water,and for the other groups,42.92%-75.44%preferred drinking water filtered by household water purifiers.Unreasonable use of household water purification equipment was observed in 9.03%of the residents in Tianjin.Conclusion Tap water and household filtered water are the main types o

关 键 词：饮水类型 家用净水设备 影响因素 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]