哈尼语勐松阿卡话话题结构特征研究--兼反观汉语话题结构  

The Topic Structure Characteristics of the Akha Dialect of Hani Language:Topic Structure Characteristics of Akha Dialect of Hani Language:A Comparative Perspective with Chinese

作　　者：土南 TU Nan(School of Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages and Literatures,Minzu University of China,Beijing,100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《红河学院学报》2025年第1期45-50,共6页Journal of Honghe University

基　　金：中央民族大学研究生科研实践项目:边境语言与语言安全--以云南边境语言勐松阿卡话为例(BZKY2024159);国家社科基金青年项目:哈尼语方言土语动植物名词地理分布集(20CYY031)。

摘　　要：在对哈尼语阿卡话的话题类型、话题成分和语义关系等进行详细的描写和分析的基础上,我们归纳出阿卡话话题结构的几个特点,主要有:阿卡话的话题可分为无标记话题结构和有标记话题结构,无标记话题结构靠语序和停顿来表示,有标记话题结构则靠专用的话题助词。从词类角度看,阿卡话的词、短语和小句都可作话题成分;从句法角度看,主语、宾语和状语都能作话题,定语和补语不能作话题。根据话题和述题的语义关系,阿卡话的话题结构可分为论元共指性话题、语域式话题、拷贝式话题和分句式话题等四类。反观汉语的话题结构,则发现汉语和阿卡话在话题结构的基本形式、话题成分和语义关系等方面存在相似性,但二者在话题标记的使用、语法化程度以及表达方式上存在一些差异。阿卡话中话题标记的专用性和语法化程度较高,汉语则更多依赖于语序和句末语气词。This paper describes and analyses of the topic types,topic constituents,and the semantic relationship between topics and predicates in the Akha dialect of Hani language.Several characteristics of the topic structure in Akha dialect are summarized:The topics in Akha can be categorized into unmarked and marked topic structures.Unmarked topics are indicated through word order and pauses,while marked topics use specific topic markers.From the perspective of word classes,topics in Akha dialect can be words,phrases,or clauses.Syntactically,subject,object,and adverbial can function as topics,while attribute and complement cannot.Based on the semantic relationship between topics and predicates,Akha’s topic structure can be divided into four types:argument and quasi argument co-reference topics,register topics,topic-copying topics,and clause topics.Compared with Standard Chinese,topic markers in Akha dialect are highly specialized and grammaticalized,whereas Chinese relies more on word order and sentence-final particles.

关 键 词：哈尼语 阿卡话 话题结构 反观汉语 

分 类 号：H217[语言文字—少数民族语言]