木兰溪流域性极端短时暴雨特征分析  

Characteristics of Regional Extreme Short-time Rainstorm in Mulan River Basin

作　　者：陈诗琳 张响亮 陈宇航 杨德南 CHEN Shilin;ZHANG Xiangliang;CHEN Yuhang;YANG Denan(Chengxiang Meteorological Station of Fujian Province,Chengxiang 351100,China;Xianyou Meteorological Station of Fujian Province,Xianyou 351200,China;Putian Meteorological Office of Fujian Province,Putian 351100,China;Zhangzhou Meteorological Office of Fujian Province,Zhangzhou 363000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省城厢区气象局,福建城厢351100 [2]福建省仙游县气象局,福建仙游351200 [3]福建省莆田市气象局,福建莆田351100 [4]福建省漳州市气象局,福建漳州363000

出　　处：《山地气象学报》2024年第6期67-72,共6页Journal of Mountain Meteorology

基　　金：福建省气象局开放式科研基金项目(2021KFM01)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究木兰溪流域性极端短时暴雨时空和雨程分布的特征及原因。【方法】利用木兰溪流域2010—2020年逐时降水资料,分析极端过程的时空特征、天气背景,应用模糊识别法分析降雨的雨程分布特征。【结果】(1)影响天气系统为锋面或台风,台风型过程的持续时间、影响范围和累计过程雨量明显强于锋面过程。(2)最强降水时段锋面型过程有日变化,台风型过程无日变化,且锋面型高峰期较福建沿海60 min极端强降水出现时间迟3 h左右。(3)流域性极端短时暴雨过程主要在5—9月,与莆田市暴雨日数季节分布类似,但两者7月出现频次在全年中占比不同,前者占比为全年最高,后者仅排全年第3。(4)极端过程的雨程分布呈单峰后部型,降雨集中度高,强降水主要出现在后半程。【结论】日落后气温较午后低,有利于锋面快速过境,激发不稳定能量彻底释放,使锋面型过程降雨集中度高。而台风型过程降雨集中度高的原因除了极端过程算法自身限制外,还与台风中心与强降水区一致性移动、台风内部强对流的中尺度特征有关。钟形和盆地地形在热力及动力条件上的优势使榜头溪中上游、大济溪上游和延寿溪上游成为流域性极端短时暴雨易发点,需关注极端短时暴雨可能引发的木兰溪流域性河水猛涨。To explore the characteristics and causes of spatio-temporal distribution and rain duration distribution of regional extreme short-time rainstorm in Mulan River Basin,this article analyzes spatio-temperal characteristics and weather background of the extreme rainfall processes by using the hourly precipitation data of Mulan River Basin from 2010 to 2020.Besides,the temporal distribution characteristics of rainfall are analyzed by means of fuzzy identification algorithm.The results are as follows:(1)The impact weather system is frontal or typhoon system.The duration,influence range and accumulated rainfall of the typhoon-type process are obviously higher than that of the front-type process.(2)During the heaviest precipitation period,the front-type process has diurnal variation,while the typhoon-type process does not have such diurnal variation.Moreover,the peak of the front-type process is about 3 h later than the 60 min extreme heavy precipitation along the coast of Fujian.(3)The process of regional extreme short-time rainstorm occurs mainly from May to September,which is similar to the seasonal distribution of the rainstorm days in Putian City,but their occurrence frequency in July accounts for a different proportion in the whole year,with the former accounting for the highest proportion and the latter only ranking the third in the whole year.(4)The rain duration distribution of the extreme rainfall process shows a unimodal posterior type with high rainfall concentration,while severe rainfall mainly appears in the second half of the process.The temperature after sunset is lower than that in the afternoon,which is conducive to the rapid transit of the front,stimulates the complete release of unstable energy,and makes the rainfall concentration of the front type process high.The reasons for the high rainfall concentration in typhoon-type process is not only limited by the extreme process algorithm itself,but also related to the consistent movement of the typhoon center and the severe rainfall area as well as the m

关 键 词：流域性 极端短时暴雨 雨程 集中度 

分 类 号：P426.614[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]