近59a威宁县大风时空分布特征分析  

Analysis of the Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics of Strong Winds in Weining County over the Past 59 Years

作　　者：蔡彤 蔡军 杨承梅 柯莉萍 张孝秀 罗雄 CAI Tong;CAI Jun;YANG Chengmei;KE Liping;ZHANG Xiaoxiu;LUO Xiong(Weining Yi,Hui and Miao Autonomous County Meteorological Station of Guizhou Province,Weining 553100,China;Bijie Meteorological Office of Guizhou Province,Bijie 551700,China;Guizhou Mountainous Meteorological Science Research Institute,Guiyang 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省威宁彝族回族苗族自治县气象局,贵州威宁553100 [2]贵州省毕节市气象局,贵州毕节551700 [3]贵州省山地气象科学研究所,贵州贵阳550081

出　　处：《山地气象学报》2024年第6期86-91,共6页Journal of Mountain Meteorology

基　　金：贵州省气象局科研业务项目(黔气科登[2024]04-12号);毕节市科学技术项目(毕科合[2023]8号);贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般194)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析威宁大风时空分布特征,为实际业务提供参考。【方法】利用1964—2022年贵州威宁国家基准气候站和2018—2022年全县区域自动站地面气象资料,采用气候倾向率、小波分析、累积距平和信噪比等方法,分析了威宁县大风的气候特征和变化趋势。【结果】威宁县的年大风日数和年极大风速呈波动减少趋势,每10 a分别减少4.94 d和1.75 m·s^(-1),且分别存在11 a和15 a的周期变化特征,风向以N风为主,NNE风次之;威宁大风主要出现在1—4月,3月年平均发生最多为14.4 d,4—10月以单站雷暴大风为主;主要存在西北—东南走向的3个大风多发区,其中心分别位于中水(187 d)、雪山(160 d)、双龙—草海(125 d)。【结论】为深入了解威宁大风的时空分布特征作了有益探索,对威宁大风灾害天气的预报及气象服务工作具有一定的指导意义。Using the surface meteorological data from the national benchmark climate station in Weining County from 1964 to 2022 and the regional automatic stations in the whole county from 2018 to 2022,this paper analyzes the climate characteristics and variation trend of strong winds in Weining County by the methods of climate tendency rate,wavelet analysis,cumulative anomaly,and signal-to-noise ratio.The results show that the annual number of strong wind days and extreme wind speed in Wenning County have a fluctuating and decreasing trend,with a decrease of 4.94 d and 1.75 m·s^(-1)per decade and periodic changes of 11 years and 15 years,respectively.The wind direction is dominated by N winds,followed by NNE winds.Strong winds mainly occur from January to April in Weining,with 14.4 days on average in March every year.From April to October,single-station thunderstorm and gale are most frequently seen.There are three gale-prone zones with a NW-SE direction,with centers located in Zhongshui(187 d),Xueshan(160 d),and Shuanglong-Caohai(125 d),respectively.This study has made a useful exploration for the in-depth understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of strong winds in Weining,and has certain guiding significance for the forecasting of gale disaster weather and meteorological services in Weining.

关 键 词：威宁 大风 气候倾向率 小波分析 

分 类 号：P425.43[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]