交通装备用铝合金的表面处理技术现状及展望  

Present situation and prospect of surface treatment techniques for aluminum alloys used in rail traffic industry

作　　者：严红林 肖吉源 张韵波 吴桐 卢建红 YAN Honglin;XIAO Jiyuan;ZHANG Yunbo;WU Tong;LU Jianhong(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Sichuan University of Science&Engineering,Zigong,Sichuan 643000,China;Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Zigong,Sichuan 643000,China;Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Small molecule Synthesis,Zigong,Sichuan 643000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川轻化工大学材料科学与工程学院,四川自贡643000 [2]材料腐蚀与防护四川省重点实验室,四川自贡643000 [3]天然产物化学与小分子催化四川省高校重点实验室,四川自贡643000

出　　处：《轨道交通材料》2025年第1期26-31,共6页Materials for Rail Transportation System

基　　金：材料腐蚀与防护四川省重点实验室基金项目(2021CL02);天然产物化学与小分子催化四川省高校重点实验室(TRCWYXFZCH2022A1);高校人才引进项目(2021RC01);四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC0342)。

摘　　要：文章分析了铝合金受到腐蚀的主要因素,针对铝合金表面天然生成的氧化膜耐蚀性有限的问题,为增强铝合金表面耐蚀性而进行表面处理,综述了铝合金的化学转化、阳极氧化、有机涂层、电镀、激光熔覆、溶胶-凝胶等传统表面处理技术,对新型涂层,如智能涂层、石墨烯涂层及纳米技术等新兴材料和技术作了简述。提出将纳米材料、自清洁和智能涂层等相结合,采用先进的表面处理设备和清洁生产工艺,开发新型材料和热处理工艺等发展趋势。Major factors of corrosion of aluminum alloy are analyzed in this paper and in view of the limited corrosion resistance of the naturally generated oxide film on aluminum alloy surface,surface treatment is carried out to enhance the corrosion resistance of alumi⁃num alloy surface.Traditional surface treatment techniques for aluminum alloy,such as chemical conversion,anodic oxidation,organic coating,electroplating,laser cladding,sol-gel and so on,are reviewed.Emerging materials and techniques,like intelligent coatings,graphene coatings and nanotechnology are briefly described.The paper also presents the integration of nanomaterials,self-cleaning and intelligent coating,application of advanced surface treatment equipment and clean production process,and development of new materi⁃als and heat treatment techniques.

关 键 词：铝合金 腐蚀 表面处理 化学转化 阳极氧化 

分 类 号：U270.41[机械工程—车辆工程]