转生梅:宋代咏梅新范式的建立  

Reincarnate Plum Blossom:The Formation of a New Poetic Type on Plum Blossom in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：李小荣 Li Xiaorong

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学闽台区域研究中心,福建福州350007

出　　处：《文史哲》2025年第1期39-50,165,166,共14页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“禅宗语录文学特色之综合研究”(16AZW007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“转生梅”是宋代咏梅的新范式,它主要是由受禅宗思想影响的居士型文人所创立。该范式书写方式多样,有效地解决了咏梅诗词对梅花“三世”生命流程中的异时同构、异体同构问题,使人、梅和其他动植物组成的意象群之结构形式富于变化,从而丰富了咏梅诗词的思想内涵和艺术想象。宋人咏植物诗词之所以选择梅转生,是因为他们依据中土禅史的“心法”语境,成功地创造了拈梅微笑、天女散梅等新的禅宗文学语典。至于新范式形成的思想依据,主要是无情有性和转物说。而新范式对后世的影响,一者表现为形式方面的袭用、拓展与整合,二者表现为禅史语境方面的与时俱进,如写梅花的颜色相对具象化,咏红梅、素梅之作骤增,不少咏梅诗词还融入了明清新兴的“情禅”说。“Reincarnate plum blossom”represented a new poetic type on plum blossom in the Song dynasty which was mainly established by literati of lay Buddhist influenced by Zen thoughts.It effectively addressed the issues of isomorphy across different times and different entities regarding the triple life courses of plum blossom in poems chanting plum,making the structural forms of imagery groups composed of human,plum,as well as other animals and plants,thereby enriching the ideological connotations and artistic imagination of poems chanting plum.The reason why the Song people chose the reincarnation of plums in their poems about plants was that they successfully created new literary allusions in Zen literature such as“holding a plum with smile”and“the heavenly maid scattering plums”based on the context of citta-dharma in the history of Chinese Zen.As for the ideological basis for the formation of this new paradigm,it mainly lies in the theories of“sentient beings in the insentient”and“transforming objects”.The influences of this new paradigm on later generations are manifested in two aspects:on the one hand,it is shown in the taking over,expansion,and integration in terms of form;and on the other hand,it is demonstrated in keeping pace with the times in the historical context of Zen,for example,the description of the colors of plum blossoms becomes relatively more concrete,the works chanting about red and white plums increase significantly,and many plum-chanting poems integrate the“sentimental Zen”emerged in the Ming-Qing period.

关 键 词：宋代咏梅 转生梅 新范式 禅史语境 思想依据 后世影响 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]