考虑损耗的粮食装载方式与运输路径联合优化  

Integrated Optimization of Grain Loading Strategies and Transportation Routes Considering Losses

作　　者：万民 匡海波 贾鹏[1,2] 余方平 马千里[1,2] 张益阁 赵素娥[1] WAN Min;KUANG Haibo;JIA Peng;YU Fangping;MAQianli;ZHANG Yige;ZHAO Sue(School of Maritime Economics and Management,Ministry of Education,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,Liaoning,China;Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technologies and Equipments for Integrated Transportation Systems,Ministry of Education,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学,航运经济与管理学院,辽宁大连116026 [2]大连海事大学,综合交通运输智能技术与装备教育部工程研究中心,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2025年第1期15-23,共9页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFB4302200);中国博士后科学基金(2024T170083);中央高校基本科研业务费(3132024293)。

摘　　要：高质量的粮食流通体系是保障粮食供需平衡和粮食安全的重要保障。本文考虑粮食货种易损耗特性,以运输、碳排放、损耗总成本最小化为目标,构建同时考虑“袋装-散装-集装箱装载”不同装载方式和“公路-铁路-水路”不同运输方式的联合优化模型,并以我国东北地区“北粮南运”为现实场景,采用启发式遗传算法开展算例分析。计算结果表明:粮食集装箱公铁水多式联运相比包粮和散粮运输具有明显的低总成本和低损耗优势,损耗成本占比分别为9.86%、42.29%、29.82%。“北粮南运”过程中公路定位于两端集疏运,铁路和水路承担干线长距离运输,随着运达时长要求的提高,铁路占比逐渐增加,水路占比逐渐减少,当运达总时长为71.5 h,最优运输方案由集装箱公铁水联运转变为集装箱公铁联运。在总成本构成中,3种装载方式最优路径的运输成本、碳排成本基本相同,政府管理部门、物流服务提供商应认识到降低粮食运输损耗量是降低全程物流运输成本的有效方式。A high-quality grain distribution system is critical to ensure the balance of grain supply and demand and food security.This study considers the perishable nature of grain types and aims to minimize the total costs of transportation,carbon emissions,and loss.An integrated optimization model is proposed to consider different loading methods(bagged-bulk-container)and various transportation modes(road-rail-sea).A case study was performed using the heuristic genetic algorithm in the"grain transport from North to South China"scenario in Northeast China.The results indicate that compared to bagged grain and bulk grain transport,multimodal transport of grain containers by rail,road,and water has clear advantages in terms of lower total cost and reduced loss.The proportion of grain loss cost in container transport,bagged grain transport,and bulk grain transport is 9.86%,42.29%,and 29.82%,respectively.In the"grain transport from North to South China"process,roads are primarily used for local collection and distribution,while railways and waterways handle long-distance trunk transportation.When the delivery time requirements increase,the proportion of railway transportation would gradually increase,and the proportion of waterway transportation would decrease.When the total delivery time reaches 71.5 hours,the optimal transportation scheme would shift from container multimodal transport via road,rail,and sea to container multimodal transport via road and rail only.In the composition of total costs,the transportation costs and carbon emission costs of the optimal routes for the three loading methods are essentially the same.The study result also serves as a reference for the government regulatory agencies and logistics service providers that reducing grain transportation losses is an effective way to lower the overall logistics transportation costs.

关 键 词：综合运输 路径优化 遗传算法 粮食运输 装载方式 粮食损耗 

分 类 号：U15[交通运输工程]