人工智能对文学研究有何用及如何用?——一次人机对话的文学批评实验  

How Can Artificial Intelligence Be Used in Literary Studies,and What Are Its Uses?——A Critical Experiment in Human-Machine Dialogue

作　　者：周宪 Zhou Xian

机构地区：[1]南京大学艺术学院,南京210093

出　　处：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期24-36,260,261,共15页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：人工智能(AI)生成式大语言模型(LLM)的出现,给文学艺术创作和学术研究带来很大冲击。本文是一个关于文学批评的人机对话,以测试人工智能生成式大语言模型(LLM)给文学批评带来何种赋能。超越人—机主客二元对立,采取一种“更为合理的第三立场”,以此来探究文学批评的一系列难题,包括如何看待人工智能文本阐释的同质化和客观性、技术逻辑与情感逻辑关系、阐释同一性与多样性关联等。人机对话是一种有益且有效的主客互动,一方面批评家的介入可以促进人工智能的学习和迭代;另一方面也反过来推动批评家尝试新的研究观念和方法。拒绝技术进步而恪守传统知识是没有出路的,作为传统人文学科的文学研究有必要以开放的态度去拥抱人工智能,并在人—机互动中走向文学研究知识生产的新境界。The emergence of generative language models in artificial intelligence has significantly impacted literary and artistic creation, as well as the humanities. This article presents a human-machine dialogue on literary criticism, aiming to test how generative AI language models can empower literary criticism. The author advocates for transcending the binary opposition of subject-object from human-machine and adopting a “third position ” to explore a series of issues in literary criticism by AI, such as addressing the homogenization and objectivity of AI's textual interpretation, the relationship between technical logic and emotional logic, and the connection between interpretive uniformity and diversity. The author argues that human-machine dialogue serves as a beneficial and effective subject-object interaction: on the one hand, the critic's involvement can promote the learning and iteration of AI, while on the other hand, it encourages critics to experiment with new ideas and methods. Clinging to traditional knowledge while rejecting technological progress offers no way forward. As a discipline of traditional humanities, literary studies must embrace AI with an open attitude and advance toward new frontiers in the knowledge production of literary studies through human-machine interaction.

关 键 词：文学批评 人工智能(AI) 大语言模型(LLM) 第三立场 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] I06[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]