杜诗首章的流变与学理困境  

The Evolution and Theoretical Dilemmas on the First Poem of Du Fu

作　　者：李煜东 Li Yudong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期164-175,264,共13页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：在现存杜诗中何者创作时间最早的问题上,古今学者既缺乏全面梳理,亦难有定论。杜集祖本二王本《杜工部集》尚无首章意识。《游龙门奉先寺》至迟在南宋初被定为首章,广受遵用。明初,《望岳》被赋予了首章性质,得到部分论者支持。在当代,洪业提出《夜宴左氏庄》《江南逢李龟年》具备首章的可能。张(纟延)《杜工部诗通》和钱谦益《钱注杜诗》对首章的模糊化处理,则是另一脉络。首章问题存在学理困境。现实中,杜诗的散佚和杜甫行踪的模糊性在根本上决定了首章无法确定。在具体辨析中循用旧本旧次,以诗意编年,出现逻辑缺陷和证据误用,则凸显了论据困境。首章面临的诸多困境为全面反思杜诗的系年问题提供了进路。Which of the existing Du Fu's poem was the created earliest?Scholars from ancient to modern have neither comprehensively sorted it out nor reached a final conclusion.The ancestral edition of Du Gongbu Ji(Collected Poems of Du Fu)compiled by Wang Zhu and Wang Qi,had no awareness of the first poem.The poem“Visiting Fengxian Temple at Longmen”was designated as the first poem at the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty and widely followed.In the early Ming Dynasty,“Gazing on the Peak”was given as the first poem,which received support from some critics.In the contemporary era,Willian Hung proposed that the“A Night Banquet at the Zuo Estate”and“Meeting Li Guinian in Jiangnan”had the possibility of being the first poem.In reality,the disappearance of Du Fu's poems and the ambiguity of Du Fu's whereabouts fundamentally determined that the first poem could not be determined.In the specific analysis,the use of the old edition and old order,the use of poetic chronicles,as well as logical flaws and evidence misuse,highlighted the evidence dilemma.The many difficulties faced by debate in the first poem provided a way to comprehensively reflect on the issue of Du Fu's poetry chronology.

关 键 词：杜甫 首章 杜诗 系年方法 理论困境 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]