冷战中的体育:洛杉矶奥运会与美苏对抗  

Sports in the Cold War: The 1984 Los Angeles Olympics and the U.S.-Soviet Confrontation

作　　者：龚子琪 Gong Ziqi

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期213-231,265,266,共21页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：1984年5月,苏联以“安全问题”和维护奥林匹克运动为由宣布将不派队参加1984年洛杉矶奥运会。但洛杉矶奥运会所扮演的美苏对抗平台的角色并没有随着苏联的决定而不复存在,在此之后,美国在“没有对手”的舞台上继续进行着冷战博弈。洛杉矶奥运会的成功不仅体现在其赛事的精彩和独特办会方式带来的巨大盈利,还在于其成功地(尽管不一定是有意地)服务了美国对苏冷战的国家目标——在损害苏联国际影响力的同时提升了自身的国际形象,并促使美国国内在里根第一任期内兴起的“新爱国主义”愈发强烈。从美苏冷战的整体进程来看,洛杉矶奥运会实际上是美苏竞争态势和力量对比发生逆转过程中的重要事件。In May 1984, the USSR declared its non-participation of the 23rd Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, citing “secure issues” and the preservation of the Olympic movement. However, the USSR's decision did not terminate the 1984 Games' role as a platform of U. S.-Soviet confrontation. The United States continued to compete on a stage with “no opponents.” With exciting events, a unique organizational approach, and the huge profits it brought, the L.A. Games were particularly successful, though not necessarily intentional, in serving as locking horns with the USSR in the Cold War. It enhanced America's international image while undermining the Soviet Union's international influence. Moreover, it contributed to the growing “new patriotism” in the U.S.'s domestic sphere that emerged during the first term of Reagan Administration. From the perspective of the overall process of the Cold War, the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics marked a significant event in the enduring reversal of the U.S.-Soviet competitive landscape.

关 键 词：洛杉矶奥运会 抵制 冷战格局 美苏关系 

分 类 号：G81[文化科学—体育学]