论国际造法的“立法”转向——基于普遍意志的契约论解释  

On the“Legislative”Transformation of International Law-Making——A Contractarian Interpretation Based on General Will

作　　者：黄蓬北 Huang Pengbei

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期247-259,266,共14页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：关于国际造法的理论与实践体现出从传统的“契约”模式到“立法”模式的转变,前者以国家同意学说为基础,后者以国际社会基本价值或共同利益为基础。这一转变试图在国际社会从“共存”走向“合作”的背景下,应对传统契约模式无法解释和解决的问题。国际强行法的诞生与发展,伴随并体现了这样一种转变。随之而来的问题与挑战是,这种立法模式的造法基础并没有得到充分且令人信服的论证。试图超越以“国家同意”为基础的霍布斯原子式契约论,而又不将国际造法的合法性基础置于某种外在因素,或许最为可行的进路是诉诸一种卢梭式的社会契约论,也就是一种以普遍意志为基础的国际社会契约论。The evolution of international law-making theory and practice has reflected a departure from the traditional “contractual” model, which relies on the doctrine of State consent, towards a “legislative” model grounded in the fundamental values or common interests of the international community. This shift attempts to address issues that cannot be explained or resolved by the traditional contractual model, in the context of the international community's transition from “coexistence” towards “cooperation”. The emergence and development of international jus cogens has accompanied and reflected this transformation. However, an ensuing challenge lies in the lack of an adequately and convincingly justified legitimate basis for this legislative model of law-making. To move beyond a Hobbesian contractualism based solely on state consent, without placing the legitimate basis of international law-making on some external factor, the most promising approach might be to adopt a Rousseauian theory of social contract, i. e., an international social contract theory based on the conception of “general will”.

关 键 词：国际造法 契约 立法 社会契约 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]