不同种植模式黄芪药材质量与综合效益评价  

Quality and Comprehensive Benefits of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus Cultivated in Different Patterns

作　　者：周易 李新星 邹宇轩 魏胜利[1,2] 赵婷[1,2] ZHOU Yi;LI Xinxing;ZOU Yuxuan;WEI Shengli;ZHAO Ting(Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 102488,China;Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs of Ministry of Education,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学,北京102488 [2]中药材规范化生产教育部工程研究中心,北京100102

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2025年第2期296-303,共8页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3501505)。

摘　　要：目的:以大田集约化种植为对照,探讨仿野生栽培和大田集约化轮作种植(以下简称轮作种植)2种生态种植模式所产黄芪药材质量及其生态、经济、社会效益的差异。方法:对黄芪性状指标进行测定,采用高效液相色谱法和紫外-可见分光光度法测定黄芪甲苷、黄芪多糖、毛蕊异黄酮苷等10个有效成分含量,基于性状指标和有效成分含量评价不同种植模式黄芪质量。通过系统调研,对比不同种植模式黄芪的生态、经济、社会效益指标,评价其综合效益。结果:仿野生栽培黄芪在种植过程中长势最好,药材具有“条粗长、分枝少”的优质性状,其有效成分毛蕊异黄酮苷、黄芪紫檀烷苷、黄芪异黄烷苷、黄芪异黄烷、黄芪甲苷含量显著高于大田集约化种植、轮作种植黄芪(P<0.05);生态效益相关指标均优于其他2种模式(P<0.01),年均利润和农业劳动生产率较高。仿野生栽培黄芪具有药材质量好、综合效益佳的种植优势。轮作种植黄芪和大田集约化种植黄芪质量差异较小,但与大田集约化种植黄芪比较,轮作种植黄芪年均净利润、农业劳动生产率较高,综合效益更佳。结论:与大田集约化种植比较,黄芪仿野生栽培、轮作种植均具有优势。Objective:To compare the quality as well as the ecological,economic,and social benefits of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus cultivated in two ecological planting patterns:imitating wild cultivation and rotation,with intensive field cultivation as the control.Methods:The morphological indicators of A.membranaceus var.mongholicus were measured,and the content of 10 active ingredients including astragalosideⅣ,polysaccharide,and calycosin-7-O-glucoside was determined by high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometry.The medicinal material quality of A.membranaceus var.mongholicus cultivated in different patterns was evaluated based on the morphological indicators and the content of active ingredients.Through a systematic survey,the ecological,economic,and social benefits of different cultivation patterns were compared,and the comprehensive benefits were evaluated.Results:A.membranaceus var.mongholicus in imitating wild cultivation showed the best growth,and the medicinal materials had high-quality traits of being robust and long with few branches.The content of calycosin-7-O-glucoside,9,10-dimethoxyptercarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside,isomucronulatol 7-O-glucoside,isomucronulatol,and astragalosideⅣof A.membranaceus var.mongholicus in imitating wild cultivation was higher than that in intensive field cultivation and rotation(P<0.05).Moreover,imitating wild cultivation showed higher ecological benefit than the other two cultivation patterns(P<0.01),with higher average annual profit and agricultural labor productivity.The imitating wild cultivation of A.membranaceus var.mongholicus can produce the medicinal materials with good quality and good comprehensive benefits.Rotation showed the medicinal material quality comparable to that of intensive field cultivation,while it had higher average annual profit and agricultural labor productivity,demonstrating better comprehensive benefits.Conclusion:The imitating wild cultivation and rotation of A.membranaceu var.mongholicus have advantages compare

关 键 词：蒙古黄芪 种植模式 综合效益 仿野生栽培 大田集约化种植 轮作 成分含量 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]