基于洪水退水过程的喀斯特小流域径流组分与含水层储水结构  

Runoff Components and Aquifer Storage Structure in Karst Small Watershed Based on the Flood Recession Process

作　　者：杨海明 王家乐[2,3] 顾再柯 刘伟 王志刚[2,3] 刘纪根[2,3] YANG Hai-ming;WANG Jia-le;GU Zai-ke;LIU Wei;WANG Zhi-gang;LIU Ji-gen(College of Resources and Environment,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,Hubei,China;Department of Soil and Water Conservation,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,Hubei,China;Research Center on Mountain Torrent and Geologic Disaster Prevention of Ministry of Water Resources,Wuhan 430010,Hubei,China;Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Station in Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550001,Guizhou,China;Institute of Geological Survey,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430100 [2]长江水利委员会长江科学院水土保持研究所,湖北武汉430010 [3]水利部山洪地质灾害防治工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430010 [4]贵州省水土保持监测站,贵州贵阳550001 [5]中国地质大学(武汉)地质调查研究院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地球科学与环境学报》2025年第1期82-94,共13页Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41807219,41101191);贵州省水土保持科技项目(THZB2023/012-3)。

摘　　要：岩溶含水层普遍发育复杂的管道和裂隙系统,对含水层储水结构的定量描述是岩溶水文地质研究中的一大难点,尤其是在小流域尺度上的挑战更为突出。以贵州省龙里县羊鸡冲喀斯特小流域为例,选取2019~2022年的4场典型洪水事件,通过水文时间序列分析和流量衰减分析对小流域洪水退水过程开展定量分析研究,识别水文过程中径流的组分及来源,进而揭示岩溶含水层的储水结构特征。结果表明:羊鸡冲小流域的洪峰流量衰减过程可以划分为坡面径流来水、岩溶管道来水、中宽裂隙来水和微裂隙-孔隙来水4个过程,各过程对应的径流成分占洪峰流量的比重分别为9.32%~10.32%、32.40%~36.35%、38.46%~40.87%、13.14%~19.41%,其中岩溶管道和中宽裂隙组分构成了流域洪峰流量的主要组成部分;该小流域岩溶含水层的储水介质对应划分为岩溶管道、中宽裂隙和微裂隙-孔隙3种不同类型,其中岩溶管道和中宽裂隙构成了含水层最主要的储水介质,占比为78%~85%。The karst aquifers are characterized by complex systems of conduits and fractures,and quantitatively describing the storage structure of these aquifers presents a significant challenge in karst hydrogeological research,particularly at the small watershed scale.The karst small watershed of Yangjichong in Longli county of Guizhou province was taken as a case study;four typical flood events from 2019 to 2022 were selected,and a quantitative analysis of the flood recession process was conducted through hydrological time series analysis and flow attenuation analysis;the components and sources of runoff during the hydrological processes were identified,and the storage structure characteristics of the karst aquifer were revealed.The results show that the peak flow attenuation process in Yangjichong small watershed can be divided into four components,including surface runoff,karst conduit flow,medium-width fracture flow,and micro-fracture-porous flow;the contributions of these components to the peak flow are approximately 9.32%-10.32%,32.40%-36.35%,38.46%-40.87%,and 13.14%-19.41%,respectively;karst conduits and medium-width fractures constitute the main components of the watershed's peak flow;the storage media of the karst aquifer in this small watershed can be categorized into three distinct types,including karst conduits,medium-width fractures,and micro-fracture-porous media,with karst conduits and medium-width fractures accounting for approximately 78%-85%of the primary storage media.

关 键 词：含水层 储水结构 洪水事件 水文时间序列分析 流量衰减分析 径流组分 喀斯特地区 贵州 

分 类 号：P641.2[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]