铜电解过程中碲的控制与脱除  

Control and Removal of Tellurium in Copper Electrolysis Process

作　　者：沐亚玲 曾文斌 王仕江 徐刚芳 秦树辰 牛犁 MU Yaling;ZENG Wenbin;WANG Shijiang;XU Gangfang;QIN shuchen;NIU Li(Southwest Copper Branch of Yunnan Copper Indust ry Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650032,China;BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China)

机构地区：[1]云南铜业股份有限公司西南铜业分公司,昆明650032 [2]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160

出　　处：《有色金属(冶炼部分)》2025年第3期38-44,共7页Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2907901);中铝科技发展基金资助项目(2017KJZX04-1);云铜集团重点科技项目。

摘　　要：针对铜电解过程中碲元素对阴极铜质量的影响进行了行为分析和工业化试验研究。阴极铜中杂质碲含量受电解液杂质含量的影响较大,当电解液中碲含量高时,阴极铜中碲含量相应增大。阴极铜表面粗糙程度、疙瘩数量和裂纹程度会增大阴极铜上电解液的附着程度,导致Sb、S、Ni和Ag杂质总量增高。生产经验表明:电解液中碲含量达到26 mg/L后,阴极铜杂质含量显著升高,阴极铜表面粗糙度增大,进而导致其他元素超标;电解液中碲含量控制在20 mg/L以内,阴极铜碲含量基本正常,阴极铜表面较为平整。为了控制电解液中碲含量不超过20 mg/L,生产中采用铜粉除碲工艺技术对电解液进行连续除碲,在温度为90~95℃以雾状喷入铜粉能有效降低电解液中碲含量,加入量达到10 kg/h时碲的最高脱除率为51.20%,溶液中碲含量由35 mg/L降低至最低值17.08 mg/L,基本上满足铜电解的要求。The behavioral analysis and industrial experimental research on the influence of tellurium element on the quality of cathode copper during copper electrolysis process were conducted.The impurity tellurium content in cathode copper is greatly affected by the electrolyte impurity content.When the tellurium content in the electrolyte is high,the tellurium content in cathode copper increases accordingly.The roughness,number of lumps,and degree of cracks on the surface of cathode copper will increase the adhesion of electrolyte on the cathode copper,leading to an increase in the total amount of Sb,S,Ni,and Ag impurities.Production experience shows that when the tellurium content in the electrolyte reaches 26 mg/L,the impurity content of cathode copper significantly increases,the surface roughness of cathode copper increases,and other elements exceed the standard;The tellurium content in the electrolyte is controlled within 20 mg/L,the tellurium content in the cathode copper is basically normal,and the surface of the cathode copper is relatively flat.In order to control the tellurium content in the electrolyte not exceed 20 mg/L,copper powder tellurium removal technology was used in production to continuously remove tellurium from the electrolyte.Spraying copper powder in mist at a temperature range of 90-95℃ can effectively reduce the tellurium content in the electrolyte.When the addition amount reaches 10 kg/h,the maximum removal rate of tellurium is 51.20%,and the tellurium content in the solution is reduced from 35 mg/L to a lowest value of 17.08 mg/L,which basically meets the requirements of copper electrolysis.

关 键 词：铜电解 铜电积 阳极铜 阴极铜 电解液 碲 

分 类 号：TF811[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]