甘肃省小麦农家种老芒麦分子鉴定及其重要性状评价  

Molecular characterization and evaluation of important traits of landrace wheat Laomangmai in Gansu province,China

作　　者：展宗冰[1] 靳奇峰[2] 刘迪 吕迎春[4] 郭莹[1] 张雪婷[1] 虎梦霞[1] 王尚 杨芳萍[1] ZHAN Zong-Bing;JIN Qi-Feng;LIU Di;LYU Ying-Chun;GUO Ying;ZHANG Xue-Ting;HU Meng-Xia;WANG Shang;YANG Fang-Ping(Wheat Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Guangzhou Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510000,Guangdong,China;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Agronomy College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]中国农业热带科学院广州实验站,广东广州510000 [4]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070 [5]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《作物学报》2025年第3期609-620,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院区域协同创新项目(2024GAAS05);甘肃省科技计划项目-重点研发计划(23YFNA0033);特派团专项(22CX8NA027);国家自然科学基金项目(32060481,32260485)资助。

摘　　要：为了解同名不同来源老芒麦的异质性,对其主要农艺性状、抗逆性进行了多年、多点田间鉴定和AFLP指纹图谱分析,并对其4个春化基因、1个光周期基因、4个矮秆基因和3个病害兼抗基因的等位变异、面筋强度和色素基因等位变异进行分子检测。结果表明:(1)10份同名不同来源老芒麦品种的遗传相似度极低/异质性高。(2)全部材料的春化基因Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1和Vrn-B3均为隐性等位变异;6份老芒麦和卷芒和尚头携带显性等位变异Vrn-D1,这些品种春播后抽穗期明显提早,但秋播时未表现早抽穗。仅1个品种(代号5)携带光周期非敏感等位变异Ppd-D1a。Rht-B1、Rht-D1和Rht8矮秆基因位点均携带高秆等位变异;5个品种在Rht-24位点携带矮秆等位变异Rht-24b,且降秆作用不明显,但穗粒数多于高秆等位变异品种。(3)所有材料抗倒性差,仅4份老芒麦品种抗寒性强,其中3份为冬性品种,1份为春性品种。2份老芒麦品种(代号7和9)和对照卷芒和尚头携带抗性基因Yr18/Lr34/Sr57/Pm38,3份品种(代号1、4和10)高抗条锈病。(4)面筋强度弱,仅4份品种(代号5、6、7和8)携带低PPO活性等位变异,所有材料携带高黄色素含量和高过氧化物酶活性等位变异。(5)携带春化基因显性等位变异的材料可在甘肃中西部春麦区、嘉陵江上游冬麦区及类似生态区域应用;5份携带矮秆等位变异Rht-24b的品种可在赤霉病常发区甘肃陇南及长江中下游抗赤霉病育种中应用;携带Yr18/Lr34/Sr57/Pm38和高抗条锈病的品种可在陇南、天水、陇东等条锈病常发区的抗病育种中应用;4份低PPO等位变异品种可在彩色小麦育种中应用。研究结果明确了甘肃省同名不同来源地方品种老芒麦的异质性,评价了其重要性状的优劣,提出了研究品种的应用方向。This study aimed to clarify the heterogeneity of ten Laomangmai landrace wheat varieties from Gansu,which share the same name but originate from different regions.Agronomically important traits and disease resistance were evaluated in the field,and AFLP markers were used to create genetic fingerprints.Alleles at four vernalization loci,one photoperiod locus,four dwarfing loci,three multi-resistance loci,and key alleles related to gluten strength and pigment content were detected.The results were as follows:(1)The genetic similarity among the ten Laomangmai landraces was very low,indicating high heterogeneity.(2)In terms of yield-related traits,all materials carried recessive alleles at the vernalization loci Vrn-A1,Vrn-B1,and Vrn-B3.Seven landraces,including six Laomangmai varieties and the check variety Juanmangheshangtou,had the dominant allele at Vrn-D1,resulting in significantly earlier heading after spring sowing,but no effect on heading date under autumn sowing conditions.Only one variety(code 5)contained the photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a.Of the four dwarfing genes studied,five landraces carried the dwarfing allele at the Rht-24 locus,while the remaining landraces exhibited high allelic variation.The Rht-24 dwarfing allele did not significantly reduce plant height but was associated with a higher number of grains per spike compared to the tall genotypes.(3)All materials showed poor lodging resistance.Four Laomangmai landraces exhibited strong cold tolerance,including three winter and one spring growth habit varieties.Three Laomangmai landraces(codes 1,4,and 10)were highly resistant to stripe rust,despite not carrying known stripe rust resistance genes.Additionally,three other landraces,including two Laomangmai varieties(codes 7 and 9)and the check variety,contained the pleiotropic resistance gene Yr18/Lr34/Sr57/Pm38.(4)The gluten strength of the studied landraces was weak.Only four varieties(codes 5,6,7,and 8)carried low PPO-activity alleles,while all materials carried alleles for high yellow pigme

关 键 词：小麦 地方种 老芒麦 AFLP 分子标记检测 异质性 性状评价 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]