稀有矿产资源战略储备制度:域外比较与中国路径  

Strategic Reserve System of Rare Mineral Resources:Extraterritorial Comparison and China's Approach

作　　者：陶银球 李杰 TAO Yinqiu;LI Jie(Hunan University of Technology and Business,Changsha 410205,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工商大学,长沙410205

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2025年第1期69-80,共12页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“生态环境法典中生态环境损害司法救济制度体系化研究”(24CFX080);湖南省社会科学一般项目“生态环境损害赔偿诉讼体系化立法研究”(XSP2023FXC102)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：稀有矿产资源作为国家重要的战略性资源,已成为影响和制约国家安全保障和经济发展的重要因素。面对全球资源竞争的加剧,稀有矿产资源的战略储备成为国家提升综合实力、增强国际影响力的重要保障。通过系统梳理域外典型国家或地区的稀有矿产资源战略储备制度建构动因与立法形式,重点探讨其储备目的、储备主体、储备程序和储备监管等核心要素,深入剖析域外稀有矿产战略储备制度的主要特点与基本经验,揭示完善我国稀有矿产资源储备制度的紧迫性,提出我国稀有矿产资源战略储备制度的优化路径,即嵌入以安全为核心的多维度储备理念、采用灵活机动的战略储备立法模式、确立政府与企业相结合的战略储备主体模式、建立收储—轮储—释储的动态运行机制、完善战略储备中行业主管部门主导的监管体系,以构建符合我国实际的稀有矿产资源战略储备法律制度体系。Rare mineral resources are critical strategic assets that significantly impact national security and economic development.As global competition for resources intensifies,establishing a strategic reserve system for rare minerals has become essential for enhancing a nation's overall strength and international influence.This study systematically examines the constructive motivations and legislative frameworks of strategic reserve systems in typical extraterritorial countries and regions,focusing on core elements such as the objectives of the reserve,its subject,procedure,and regulatory oversight.By analyzing the key characteristics and lessons from these systems,this study highlights the urgent need to refine China's strategic reserve framework for rare mineral resources.Meanwhile,this study proposes a comprehensive optimization approach,which includes embedding a safety-centric,multi-dimensional reserve philosophy,adopting a flexible legislative mode for strategic reserves,establishing a strategic reserve subject mode involving both government and private enterprises,creating a dynamic operational mechanism for acquisition,rotation,and release of reserves,and enhancing a supervision system led by industry authorities.These measures aim to develop a legal framework for strategic reserves of rare minerals that aligns with China's reality.

关 键 词：稀有矿产资源 战略储备 储备制度 

分 类 号：F407.1[经济管理—产业经济] F124.5