明清家庭小说中的父亲“缺位”现象简论  

A Brief Discussion on the Phenomenon of “Absentee Father” in Ming and Qing Family Novels

作　　者：翟安宁 雷勇[1] ZHAI Anning;LEI Yong(School of Chinese Language,Literature and History,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong 723000,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]陕西理工大学人文学院,陕西汉中723000

出　　处：《陕西理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期74-81,共8页Journal of Shaanxi University of Technology(Social Science)

基　　金：陕西理工大学研究生创新基金项目(SLGYCX2437)。

摘　　要：“父亲”作为家庭权力的象征与代表,一直以来都是文学表现的重点。但这一创作倾向在明清家庭小说中出现了明显的变化,“父亲”在小说叙事中常常处于“缺位”状态,这种“缺位”有父亲的直接缺席,有名存实亡的失职,也有在子女教养方面的失范。父亲的缺失和对父亲角色的审丑化处理实质上是对父权的质疑与颠覆。脱离父亲的限制后,子女的个体意识无限张扬直至陷入自我迷失,以父权文明建构的父权社会也面临着失序与崩溃。“无父书写”突破了传统的“父慈子孝”模式,使明清家庭小说中出现了众多个性鲜明的人物形象,体现了在新的社会思潮影响下作者复杂的创作心态,具有特定的时代意义。“Father”has always been a focal point in literary representation,serving as a symbol and representative of power.However,this creative trend underwent significant changes in Ming and Qing family novels.In these narratives,“father”often appears in a state of“absence”.This absence can manifest as the direct absence of the father,a dereliction of duty that exists in name only,or a lack of proper guidance in the upbringing of children.The absence and caricature of the father role essentially challenged and subverted the patriarchal system of the time.Without the constraints of patriarchy,children’s individual consciousness flourished excessively,leading to a loss of self.The patriarchal society constructed by patriarchal civilization also faced disorder and collapse.The fatherless narrative broke through the traditional“fatherly love and filial piety”paradigm,introducing numerous vivid characters in novels.It reflects the complex creative mindset of authors influenced by new social ideologies and carries specific epochal significance.

关 键 词：明清家庭小说 父亲 缺位 父权 

分 类 号：I207.41[文学—中国文学]