“制造美国”计划的管理机制、特点和启示  

The Management Mechanism,Characteristics,and Insights of the"Manufacturing USA"Program

作　　者：王花蕾 李强 Wang Hualei;Li Qiang(China Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team,Beijing 100040,China)

机构地区：[1]国家工业信息安全发展研究中心,北京100040

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2024年第23期19-27,共9页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：工业和信息化部党的政治建设研究中心课题“制造强国建设的新型举国体制构建研究”(GXZY2032);国家重点研发计划“网络空间安全治理”重点专项项目“网络开源多模态科技情报智能分析”(2022YFB3103600)。

摘　　要：制造技术研发成为各国高科技产业竞争的重点。“制造美国”计划的管理机制较为完备,可为中国提供有益启示。该计划在组织管理方面,形成从上到下的4层管理架构,确保国家战略目标的有效落实,从白宫到先进制造国家项目办公室到创新研究所所长委员会及相关政府部门对各创新研究所的指导、监督;在绩效管理方面,形成创新研究所对资助机构、美国商务部对国会的强制报告制度,以及国会政府问责局和第三方机构的外部评估机制,先进制造国家项目办公室和对创新研究所提供资金资助的政府部门会制定研究所的绩效评价指标和可持续性评价指标;在实施管理方面,具备“全政府”、举国参与和注重创新生态建设的管理特点。中国的制造业创新中心与美国的制造业创新研究所类似,可借鉴其上下贯通的协调管理经验,改进运营管理模式,优化绩效评价机制,推动科技创新和产业创新融合发展。The financial crisis in 2008 exposed significant weaknesses in the U.S.manufacturing sector,often referred to as"industry hollowing",characterized by the offshoring of production and a growing reliance on imports.In response,the American government initiated a re-industrialization strategy aimed at revitalizing domestic manufacturing,fostering innovation,and creating high-quality jobs to reduce economic vulnerabilities.One of the important plans was"Manufacturing USA",which focused on bridging the gap between basic technology research and practical application.In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the plan,the US government has established a systematic management framework.In terms of organizational management,the program has formed a four-level management structure from top to bottom to ensure the effective implementation of national strategic goals.In terms of performance management,the manufacturing innovation institutes have established a mandatory reporting system from the institutes to funding agencies,and the U.S.Department of Commerce to the Congress,alongside external evaluation mechanisms conducted by the Government Accountability Office and third-party organizations.The Advanced Manufacturing National Program Office and the government departments providing funding to the innovation institutes develop performance evaluation metrics and sustainability indicators for these institutes.Regarding implementation management,the"Manufacturing USA"initiative embodies a whole-of-government approach,national participation,and a strong focus on building an innovation ecosystem.China's manufacturing innovation centers,which share similarities with the U.S.manufacturing innovation institutes,can draw on the experience of their integrated and coordinated management systems.By improving operational management models,optimizing performance evaluation mechanisms,and promoting the integration of technological and industrial innovation,these centers can better support sustainable development.

关 键 词：“制造美国”计划 制造业创新研究所 制造业创新中心 管理机制 创新生态 全政府 

分 类 号：G311[文化科学] F410[经济管理—产业经济] G301