荒漠绿洲边缘不同种植年限人工梭梭林土壤和根系微生物群落特征  

Characteristics of soil and root microbial communities of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation of different ages in the margin of a desert oasis

作　　者：李昱达 王国华 赵丽娜 缑倩倩 LI Yuda;WANG Guohua;ZHAO Lina;GOU Qianqian(College of Geographical Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030000,China;Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学地理科学学院,太原030000 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院临泽内陆河流域研究站,兰州730000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2025年第1期39-49,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42171033);山西省重点研发计划项目(202302090301016)资助。

摘　　要：梭梭是中国西北干旱地区种植面积最大的固沙植物之一。在种植后期,梭梭林普遍出现土壤环境失衡、根腐病害严重、大面积衰退的现象。本研究以河西走廊荒漠绿洲边缘不同种植年限(0、10、30、50年)人工梭梭林为对象,研究梭梭林土壤和根系微生物群落结构与多样性变化特征。结果表明:种植30年的梭梭林土壤pH、全氮、全磷和葡聚糖酶活性显著高于其他年限,土壤和根系真菌群落α多样性指数也显著高于其他年限;30年和50年梭梭林土壤真菌群落结构差异显著,而根系真菌群落结构在种植30年与0、10、50年差异显著。相较于10年,30年梭梭林担子菌门病原菌粉孢革菌属相对丰度在土壤和根系中均显著提高,分别增长9.4和12.3倍,成为优势真菌属;土壤中的优势细菌类群变形菌门假单胞菌属相对丰度在种植30和50年时显著降低。梭梭林土壤病原菌粉孢革菌属与土壤pH、土壤葡聚糖酶及全磷均呈显著正相关,而与假单胞菌属呈显著负相关。本研究发现,梭梭林种植30年时,土壤和根系中病原菌粉孢革菌属丰度的上升是引起梭梭衰退死亡的关键微生物因素,研究结果可为人工梭梭林的病害防治提供参考。Haloxylon ammodendron is one of the widely planted species for sand stabilization in the arid regions of Northwest China.After long-term plantation,it has degraded due to soil environmental imbalances and severe root diseases.In this study,we investigated the structure and diversity characteristics of soil and root microbial communities of H.ammodendron plantation with different ages(0,10,30 and 50 years)in the margin of a desert oasis in the Hexi Corridor.The results showed that soil pH,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,andβ-glucanase activity were significantly higher in 30 years plantation than those in other ages.Theαdiversity indices of soil and root fungal communities were also significantly higher in 30 years plantation than those in other ages.There was significant difference in soil fungal community structure between 30 and 50 years plantations.Root fungal community structure was significantly different between 30 and other years.The relative abundance of Coniophora(the pathogen of Basidiomycota)became the dominant fungal genus in 30 years plantation,and significantly increased by 9.4 times in soil and by 12.3 times in root compared with 10 years plantation.The relative abundance of Pseudomonas(the dominant bacterial group)in soil significantly decreased in 30 and 50 years plantations.The relative abundance of pathogenic Coniophora was significantly and positively correlated with soil pH,β-glucanase activity and total phosphorus,and was negatively correlated with the abundance of Pseudomonas in the soil.The increase of pathogenic Coniophora in 30 years was the key microbial factor for the degradation and death of H.ammodendron.Our results could provide valuable information on the prevention of diseases in H.ammodendron plantation.

关 键 词：高通量测序 根系内生菌 土壤微生物 病原菌 粉孢革菌属 梭梭 

分 类 号：S793.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种]