毛竹篼根和鞭根解磷细菌对磷添加的响应  

Response of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of moso bamboo to phosphorus addition

作　　者：张清 项春铸 田佳怡 江明君 房翠莲 李全 曹婷婷 宋新章[1] ZHANG Qing;XIANG Chunzhu;TIAN Jiayi;JIANG Mingjun;FANG Cuilian;LI Quan;CAO Tingting;SONG Xinzhang(Bamboo Industry Institute,Zhejiang A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学竹子研究院/亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室,杭州311300

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2025年第1期284-292,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32125027,32301674,31930075);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ24C160005,LQ23C160006);浙江农林大学人才启动项目(2022LFR006,2022LFR106)资助。

摘　　要：毛竹林主要分布在缺磷的亚热带地区,具有天然的立竹年龄结构及独特的篼根和鞭根“双根系统”,挖掘根际解磷菌种资源并探明其对磷添加的响应,是提升毛竹生产力和生态功能的关键。本研究采用微孔板高通量筛选方法,分离3个磷添加水平(对照,CK,0 kg P·hm^(-2)·a^(-1);低磷,LP,50 kg P·hm^(-2)·a^(-1);高磷,HP,100 kg P·hm^(-2)·a^(-1))样地的毛竹篼根(1龄和3龄)及相连鞭根根际解磷细菌,探究解磷菌数量与活性对磷添加的响应及其影响因素。毛竹根际共分离出125株解磷菌,其中96.8%为变形菌门,主要包括布鲁氏菌属和伯克霍尔德氏菌属。3龄竹篼根的解磷菌最多(52株),解磷活性为171.24 mg·L^(-1),分别是1龄竹篼根和鞭根解磷菌解磷活性的1.5和1.4倍。与对照样地相比,LP样地1龄竹篼根解磷菌的数量和活性均降低,HP样地解磷菌的数量保持不变但活性增加;LP样地3龄竹篼根和鞭根的根际解磷菌的数量降低但解磷活性增加,HP样地解磷菌的数量和活性均增加。细菌的解磷活性与土壤总磷、pH和微生物生物量磷呈显著正相关。综上,3龄毛竹篼根解磷菌的数量和活性均高于1龄竹篼根和鞭根,并对磷添加有积极响应。建议在毛竹林集约化管理中优先施磷肥于3龄竹篼根,以更大限度地激活土壤微生物的解磷潜力。Moso bamboo forests are mainly distributed in subtropical regions characterized by phosphorus(P)defi⁃ciency.Moso bamboo exhibits a natural age structure of culms and a unique‘dual root system’of shoot roots and rhizome roots.Exploiting phosphate⁃solubilizing microorganisms(PSM)in the rhizosphere and their responses to P addition is essential for improving productivity and ecological functions of moso bamboo.We investigated the effect of P addition on the number and activity of PSM from the rhizosphere of shoot roots(1 year and 3 years)and rhizo⁃me roots across three levels of P addition(control:CK,0 kg P·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),low P:LP,50 kg P·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),high P:HP,100 kg P·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)).We utilized the microporous plate high⁃throughput screening method to iso⁃late PSM.A total of 125 strains were isolated from the rhizosphere,with 96.8%of the isolates belonging to Pro⁃teobacteria phylum.The main genus were Brucella and Burkholderia.The roots of 3⁃year⁃old bamboo(SⅢ)showed the highest number of PSM(52 strains),with the phosphorus solubilization activity of 171.24 mg·L^(-1),which was 1.5 and 1.4 times of that in 1⁃year⁃old shoot roots(SⅠ)and rhizome roots,respectively.Compared with CK,both the number and activity of PSM in SⅠdecreased in LP,while the number of PSM remained unchanged but the ac⁃tivity increased in HP.The number of PSM in SⅢand rhizome roots decreased in LP,whereas the activity in⁃creased.Both the number and activity of PSM increased in HP.The activity of PSM was significantly positively cor⁃related with soil total P content,pH,and microbial biomass P.Overall,the SⅢdemonstrated a higher number and activity of PSM compared to the SⅠand rhizome,with positive response to P addition.We recommended to apply P fertilizer to the rhizosphere of 3⁃year⁃old shoot to maximize the microbial activity for P solubilizing in the intensive management of moso bamboo forests.

关 键 词：毛竹林 根际微生物 解磷活性 分离与鉴定 精准施肥 

分 类 号：S795.7[农业科学—林木遗传育种]