嗅觉在绵羊母性识别中的作用及信号传导机制  

Progress on the role of olfaction in maternal recognition and its signaling mechanism in sheep

作　　者：王慧 王悦尚[2] 韩成全 胡希怡 杨燕 吕慎金 WANG Hui;WANG Yueshang;HAN Chengquan;HU Xiyi;YANG Yan;LYU Shenjin(College of Agriculture and For-estry Science,Linyi University,Linyi 276000,Shandong,China;School of Medicine,Linyi University,Linyi 276000,Shandong,China;Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Linyi 276012,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]临沂大学农林科学学院,山东临沂276000 [2]临沂大学医学院,山东临沂276000 [3]临沂市农业科学院,山东临沂276012

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2025年第1期318-326,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31802105,32372939);2024年山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2023MC032);山东省羊产业技术体系临沂综合试验站项目(SDAIT-10-13);山东省牧草产业技术体系临沂综合试验站项目(SDAIT-23-08)资助。

摘　　要：家畜母性行为是幼畜出生前后母畜所表现出的与分娩和育幼有关的行为,包括筑窝、分娩、清理仔畜、识别仔畜、授乳、养育和保护等行为,这些行为可为仔畜提供丰富的社交经验和生存技能,对物种的延续及种群的稳定具有重要意义。母性识别是决定母畜授乳、养育和保护等母性行为表达的前提。绵羊在分娩后能迅速且专一地识别自己的羔羊,并与之建立紧密的母子联系,分娩后的4~6 h是母羊识别羔羊的关键时期,且嗅觉是决定母性识别成功与否的重要途径。由嗅黏膜、主嗅球参与构成的主嗅觉系统以及犁鼻器、副嗅球构成的副嗅觉系统介导母羊对羔羊气味的识别和记忆,但其中所涉及的嗅觉信号传导机制尚缺乏系统性总结。生产中,因母性行为差异导致的哺乳期羔羊的高死亡率是困扰养殖业的难题,系统性回顾和总结嗅觉在绵羊母性识别中的作用对改善母性行为、提高羔羊成活率尤为重要。本文综述了嗅觉在绵羊母性识别中的作用、主嗅觉系统和副嗅觉系统参与母性识别的结构和功能,主嗅觉系统通过G蛋白(Golf)-AC3-cAMP介导的cAMP信号通路和催产素受体(OTR)-Gq-PLC-IP_(3)介导的IP_3信号途径参与嗅觉信号传导,而G_(αi2)/G_(αo)-PLC-IP_3/DAG途径介导副嗅觉系统的嗅觉信号传导。本文可为深入了解母性识别的嗅觉信号传导机制以及母性行为改善策略提供参考。Maternal behavior of domestic animals refers to the behaviors related to delivery and rearing of offspring, including nesting, delivery, grooming, recognition, lactation, rearing and protection of the young. These behaviors can provide rich social experience and survival skills for young, which are important for the continuation of species and population stability. Maternal recognition of the young is the first step in the initiation of maternal behaviors, such as lactation, nurturing, and protection. Ewes can quickly and exclusively recognize their lambs after giving birth and establish a strong mother-young bond. The 4-6 h period after delivery is particularly important because it is the critical period for ewes to recognize their lambs, in which olfaction plays a key role. The main olfactory system, which consists of the olfactory mucosa and the main olfactory bulb, and the accessory olfactory system, which consists of the vomeronasal organ and the accessory olfactory bulb, can mediate ewes' recognition and memory of lamb odors. A systematic summary of the olfactory signaling mechanisms is lacking. Given that the high mortality rate of lactating lambs due to poor maternal behavior is a challenge in the farming industry, a systematic review and summary of the role of olfaction in maternal recognition in sheep is particularly important for improving maternal behavior and lamb survival. Here, we reviewed the role of olfaction in maternal recognition in sheep, as well as the structures and functions involved in maternal recognition of the main and accessory olfactory systems. The cAMP signaling pathway mediated by G protein(Golf)-AC3-cAMP and the IP_3 signaling pathway mediated by(OTR)-Gq-PLC-IP_(3) have been considered as the main pathways involved in olfactory signaling in the main olfactory system. The olfactory signaling function in the accessory olfactory system is mediated by the G_(αi2)/G_(αo)-PLC-IP_(3)/DAG pathway. It would offer a theoretical reference for further understanding of the olfactory signal

关 键 词：母性识别 主嗅觉系统 副嗅觉系统 结构和功能 信号途径 

分 类 号：S826[农业科学—畜牧学]