沙漠光伏电站地表蚀积发生机制实验研究  

Wind tunnel experiment and numerical simulation of surface erosion and accumulation in desert photovoltaic power stations

作　　者：王浩 李生宇[1,2,3,4] 王海峰[1,2,3,4] 范敬龙[1,2,3,4] 崔珂军 WANG Hao;LI Shengyu;WANG Haifeng;FAN Jinglong;CUI Kejun(National Desert Oasis Ecological Construction Engineering Technology Research Center,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Areas,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;Mosuowan Desert Research Station,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所国家荒漠-绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [4]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所莫索湾沙漠研究站,新疆石河子832000 [5]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2025年第2期349-359,共11页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目“塔里木盆地风沙灾害调查与风险评估”(2021xjkk0305);国家林业和草原局荒漠司项目“西北地区风电光伏基地对荒漠生态影响及其适建区域”;国家电力投资集团内蒙古能源有限公司委托项目“蒙古国光伏能源开发与退化生态治理融合发展战略研究”。

摘　　要：风沙活动引起地表侵蚀或堆积,影响光伏电站的安全运行。为阐明沙漠光伏电站地表风蚀的发生机制,通过风洞实验与数值模拟,分析了不同风速条件下(6 m∙s^(-1),8 m∙s^(-1),10 m∙s^(-1)),光伏板在正、反风向下的风速流场特征及蚀积变化规律。结果表明:(1)光伏板改变了近地表风速和流场,形成了板前气流抬升区、板下气流加速区、板后涡流减速区及板尾气流恢复区;板下近地表风速显著增加,易掏蚀,而板后风速降低,易堆积。(2)反风向时,光伏板板下“狭管效应”导致气流加剧,风蚀明显大于正风向气流,而板后堆积与背风侧的涡流减速有关。(3)光伏电站边缘光伏阵列板下风蚀最为严重,而电站内部光伏阵列则风蚀较轻;随着光伏组件高度增加,板下风蚀有所减轻。研究结果可为沙漠光伏电站沙害防治和高效生产提供科学依据。Wind-sand activities cause surface erosion or accumulation,affecting the safe operation of photovoltaic power plants.This study analyzed the field characteristics of wind speed flow and the erosion variation of photovoltaic panels under different wind speed conditions(6,8,and 10 m·s^(-1))through wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations to elucidate the mechanism of surface wind erosion in desert PV power plants.The research results revealed that(1)photovoltaic panels change the near-surface wind speed and flow field,forming a front plate airflow lifting zone,a bottom plate airflow acceleration zone,a back plate vortex deceleration zone,and a tail plate airflow recovery zone;the wind speed near the surface of the board significantly increases,making it prone to erosion,while the wind speed behind the board decreases,making it prone to accumulation.(2)when the wind direction is reversed,the“narrow tube effect”under the photovoltaic panel leads to increased airflow,and wind erosion is significantly greater than normal airflow.The accumulation behind the panel is related to the deceleration of the vortex on the leeward side.(3)the wind erosion under the edge array panel of the photovoltaic power station is the most severe,while the wind erosion inside the power station array is relatively light;as the height of the photovoltaic modules increases,the wind erosion under the panels is reduced to some extent.The results provide a scientific basis for sand hazard prevention and efficient production of desert photovoltaic power plants.

关 键 词：风洞实验 数值模拟 风蚀强度 气流流场 光伏电站 

分 类 号：P425.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] TM615[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]