中国高空风资源分布特征  

Spatial distribution of high-altitude wind energy resources in China

作　　者：何浩 牛小静[1,2,3] HE Hao;NIU Xiaojing(Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere Sciences of the Ministry of Water Resources,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学水利水电工程系,北京100084 [2]清华大学水圈科学与水利工程全国重点实验室,北京100084 [3]清华大学水利部水圈科学重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2025年第2期28-37,共10页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFB4203403)。

摘　　要：高空风能是未来新能源开发的重要潜在资源。本文基于欧洲中期天气预报中心2000—2022年的ERA5数据和地面高程数据,统计分析了中国地区在4000 m以下不同距地面高度的风力特征,给出了风速的时空分布和典型风速的出现频率。结果表明,风速空间分布复杂,整体上东北和高原地区风速大,南方、西北等地区小;低空沿海风速大,内陆小。时间分布呈现春冬两季较大、夏季最小的特征,陆地上最大风速常出现在1月、12月,最小风速常出现在7月、8月。风功率密度整体上东北、西南和沿海地区更丰富。在低空,极端大风速的出现频率在内蒙古、东三省等地较高;在高空,西藏、青海等地较高。进一步地,本文还给出了我国不同距地面高度的风能资源分布图和变化规律,有助于高空风电项目规划和设计开发。High-altitude wind energy is an important potential resource in the future.This paper presents a statistical analysis of the wind characteristics in China at different above ground levels below 4000 m,based on the ERA5 wind data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and digital elevation data,focusing on the spatiotemporal distributions of wind speeds and the frequencies of typical wind speeds.The results show a complicated spatial pattern of wind speeds over China,i.e.,higher wind speeds in the northeastern and plateau regions,and lower wind speeds in the southern and northwestern regions.At low levels such as 100 m,coastal winds are high,while inland winds are low.Seasonal variations in wind feature higher speeds in spring and winter and the lowest in summer.The highest wind speeds occur typically in January and December,while the lowest typically in July and August.Wind power density is generally higher in the northeast,southwest and coastal regions.At low levels,the regions that feature relatively high frequencies of extreme high wind speeds appear in Inner Mongolia and the northeastern provinces;at high levels,they appear in Tibet and Qinghai.This paper also gives the maps and variation patterns of wind resources at different above ground levels,which are helpful for the planning and design of airborne wind power projects.

关 键 词：风能资源 时空分布特征 再分析数据 高空风能 

分 类 号：P425.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]