贵州桴焉自然保护区大型真菌物种多样性  

Diversity of macrofungi in Guizhou Fuyan Nature Reserve

作　　者：杨云深 王万坤 邓春英[2] 韩燕峰[1] YANG Yunshen;WANG Wankun;DENG Chunying;HAN Yanfeng(Institute of Fungus Resources,Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education),College of Life Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Institute of Biology,Guizhou Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550009,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院真菌资源研究所,山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州科学院贵州省生物研究所,贵州贵阳550009

出　　处：《菌物学报》2025年第1期22-36,共15页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32360008);贵州省百层次创新型人才培养项目(黔科合[2020]6005)。

摘　　要：本文对贵州省正安县桴焉自然保护区大型真菌的种类组成、优势科属种的数量、物种区系地理成分、资源评价、濒危等级进行评估。该地区分布大型真菌392种,隶属于5纲26目70科152属,新增地区新记录物种212种。优势科为红菇科Russulaceae、多孔菌科Polyporaceae、类脐菇科Omphalotaceae、小菇科Mycenaceae等,优势科的物种数占总种数的51.78%;优势属为红菇属Russula、裸脚伞属Gymnopus、小皮伞属Marasmius、小菇属Mycena、鹅膏属Amanita等,占总种数的31.38%。以科、属为单位分析,桴焉自然保护区大型真菌以世界广布科和世界分布属为主,但具北温带特征;以种为单位分析,地理成分以世界广布种、北温带分布种为主。该地区食用菌有74种;药用菌和食药兼用菌分别有62和54种;毒菌有34种。濒危等级评价表明,该调查区生态环境良好,大型真菌物种多样性未受到明显威胁,但发现近危种(NT)4个;中国特有种有17种。该研究为桴焉自然保护区的大型真菌物种多样性保护和可持续发展提供了科学基础。A survey and evaluation of macrofungi in the Fuyan Nature Reserve in Zheng’an County,Guizhou Province was conducted.The species composition,number of dominant families and genera,geographical distribution patterns of species,resource evaluation,and endangered level of species in the area were analyzed.In total,392 species of macrofungi were found in the area,belonging to 152 genera in 70 families of 26 orders in 5 classes.Among them,212 species were newly recorded in the area.The dominant families were Russulaceae,Polyporaceae,Omphalotaceae,and Mycenaceae etc.,with species accounting for 51.78%of the total.The dominant genera were Russula,Gymnopus,Marasmius,Mycena,and Amanita etc.,with species accounting for 31.38%of the total.The macrofungi in the Fuyan Nature Reserve was mainly composed of cosmopolitan families and cosmopolitan genera with northern temperate characteristics in some degree.Cosmopolitan species and northern temperate species were dominate.There were 74 edible fungi in the area;medicinal and edible-medicinal species totaled 62 and 54,respectively.There were 34 toxic species.The endangered level evaluation showed that the ecological environment in the surveyed area was adaptive for maintaining diversity of macrofungi and the significantly threatened species had not been found,however,there were four nearly threatened species(NT).Seventeen endemic Chinese species were found.This study provided a reference for conservation and sustainable development of macrofungi species in this area.

关 键 词：物种多样性 优势科属 区系分布 应用价值 濒危等级 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]