华东、华中和华北城市不同生境土壤可培养真菌组成和多样性  

Composition and diversity of soil culturable fungi in different urban habitats in East,Central and North China

作　　者：白艳敏 任玉连 董醇波 张延威[2] 韩燕峰[1] BAI Yanmin;REN Yulian;DONG Chunbo;ZHANG Yanwei;HAN Yanfeng(Institute of Fungus Resources,Department of Ecology/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education),College of Life Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Biological Resources of Colleges and Universities in Guizhou Province,Guizhou Education University,Guiyang 550018,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院生态系真菌资源研究所,山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州师范学院贵州省高等学校生物资源开发利用重点实验室,贵州贵阳550018

出　　处：《菌物学报》2025年第1期37-51,共15页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32060011,32160007);贵州省百层次创新型人才培养项目[黔科合(2020)6005]。

摘　　要：随着城市化进程的加快,人类活动对城市不同生境土壤中的微生物产生了很多影响,但城市不同生境中的真菌组成和多样性仍不清楚。本研究主要收集了我国20个高度城市化的省市城市近郊农用地、医院绿地、污水处理厂绿地和动物园绿地的240份土壤样品,采用传统可培养技术,探究城市不同生境土壤可培养真菌的群落组成及多样性特征,基于FUNGuild解析不同生境的真菌生态功能群并对其进行解钾、解磷、固氮和降解角蛋白的功能注释分析。从240份土壤样品中共分离获得真菌9779株,隶属于3门14纲44目101科250属582种。在门分类水平上,它们主要隶属于子囊菌门Ascomycota、担子菌门Basidiomycota和毛霉菌门Mucoromycota。不同土壤生境可培养真菌群落α多样性存在明显差异。污水处理厂绿地土壤真菌α多样性最高,其次为动物园绿地和医院绿地,农业用地土壤样本中的真菌群落α多样性最小。动物园和医院绿地的降解角蛋白真菌类群最丰富、多样性最高。本研究揭示了我国高度城市化地区不同生境绿地土壤可培养真菌的群落组成、多样性和功能群。这为未来城市土壤微生物资源的管理提供了关键信息。With the rapid development of urbanization,human activities exert significant impacts on soil microorganisms in various urban habitats.However,the composition and diversity of fungi in different urban habitats remain poorly understood.In this study,240 soil samples were collected from suburban agricultural land,hospital green spaces,sewage treatment plant green spaces,and zoo green spaces across 20 highly urbanized provinces and cities in China.Traditional culturable techniques were employed to investigate the community composition and diversity characteristics of culturable soil fungi in different urban habitats.Additionally,FUNGuild was utilized to analyze the ecological functional groups of fungi in these habitats and their functions related to potassium solubilization,phosphorus resolution,nitrogen fixation,and keratin degradation were annotated.In total,9779 fungal isolates were screened from the 240 soil samples encompassing 3 phyla(Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and Mucoromycota),14 classes,44 orders,101 families,250 genera,and 582 species.Theα-diversity analysis of culturable fungal communities revealed significant differences among the different soil habitats.Theα-diversity in the green spaces of sewage treatment plants was the highest,and that in zoo green spaces,hospital green spaces,and agricultural land subordinate.Zoo and hospital green spaces exhibited abundant and diverse populations of keratin-degrading fungi.This study provides key information for future management of urban soil microbial resources.

关 键 词：城市化 城市绿地 土壤真菌 多样性 功能多样性 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]