水中氟化物污染与去除方法研究进展  

General Review of Fluoride Pollution in Water and Removal Technologies

作　　者：柏松 纪昳 赵明明 沈莹 胡军 谈超群 BAI Song;JI Yi;ZHAO Mingming;SHEN Ying;HU Jun;TAN Chaoqun(Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210041,China;School of Civil Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省南京环境监测中心,江苏南京210041 [2]东南大学土木工程学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《净水技术》2025年第2期33-43,55,共12页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：江苏省环境监测科研基金(1402);江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK20211175);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52070041)。

摘　　要：【目的】文章综述了水体的氟化物污染现状及氟化物对人体健康的影响,概述了国内外对各种水体中氟离子(F^(-))含量的要求,大多数国家饮用水中的F^(-)含量遵循世界卫生组织的规定(<1.5 mg/L),一些国家如我国、印度尼西亚、摩洛哥甚至更严格。【方法】概括了目前含氟废水治理的常用方法与技术,重点介绍了沉淀法、吸附法、离子交换法、膜分离法和电化学法,总结了各类技术对F^(-)的去除机制和应用进展。说明了当前工业生产活动等过程导致的氟化物污染情况并比较了不同除氟工艺在实际应用的除氟效果,阐述了在实际进行废水除氟时,应根据水质特点、F^(-)初始浓度、效率速度、成本效益、环境友好、灵活适用性、安全性、市场可行性、排放标准及实际工艺情况等选择合适的工艺,同时优化联合除氟工艺参数,从而实现含氟废水的高效净化。【结果】随着环保政策及企业对水质的要求不断提高,传统工业废水除氟方法已难以满足当前的水质排放标准和可持续发展的要求。对于除氟工艺的发展方向,关键在于开发操作简单、高效经济、容易再生、不产生二次污染、应用范围广的除氟技术,从而满足国家对水体中F^(-)浓度的排放要求。【结论】对于实际废水中的多种污染物联合去除是未来的重要发展方向,进一步开发低成本、高效率、多功能的除氟技术对于环境和人类健康至关重要。[Objective]This paper provides a comprehensive review of current status of fluoride contamination in water bodies and the impact on human health.It outlines the requirements for fluorion(F^(-))content in various water bodies at home and abroad,with most countries adhering to the World Health Organization's guideline of less than 1.5 mg/L for drinking water F^(-)content.Some countries,such as China,Indonesia,and Morocco,have even stricter regulations.[Methods]The paper summarizes common methods and technologies for treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater,with a focus on precipitation,adsorption,ion exchange,membrane separation,and electrochemical methods.It reviews removal mechanisms and application progress of these technologies for F^(-).The article describes the fluoride pollution caused by current industrial activities and compares the defluoridation effects of different processes in practical applications.It emphasizes that when implementing wastewater defluorination,it is crucial to select an appropriate process based on factors such as water quality characteristics,initial F^(-)concentration,efficiency and speed,costeffectiveness,environmental friendliness,flexibility,safety,market feasibility,emission standards,and actual process conditions.Weanwhile,optimizing combined defluorination process parameters is essential for the efficient purification of fluoride-containing wastewater.[Results]As environmental policies and enterprise water quality requirements continue to rise,traditional industrial wastewater defluorination methods struggle to meet current water discharge standards and sustainability requirements.The key direction for the development of defluorination processes lies in developing technologies that are simple to operate,cost-effective,easily regenerable,do not produce secondary pollution,and have a wide range of applications,thereby meeting national emission standards for F^(-)concentrations in water.[Conclusion]The future development direction involves further research into low-cost,highef

关 键 词：氟离子(F^(-)) 除氟技术 含氟废水 工艺参数 排放要求 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]