废弃物载体填料富集Anammox菌群脱氮效能及微生物群落  

Denitrification Efficiency and Microflora Structure of Anammox Based on Waste Carriers

作　　者：董剑 黄凯文 李爱民 何艳华 陈敏 宋联 王硕[2,4] 李激 DONG Jian;HUANG Kaiwen;LI Aimin;HE Yanhua;CHEN Min;SONG Lian;WANG Shuo;LI Ji(Wuxi Huilian Resources Recycling Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuxi 214171,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology,School of Environment and Civil Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi214122,China;Wuxi Guolian Environmental Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuxi 214171,China;Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center,Suzhou 215009,China)

机构地区：[1]无锡惠联资源再生科技有限公司,江苏无锡214171 [2]江苏省厌氧生物技术重点实验室,江南大学环境与土木工程学院,江苏无锡214122 [3]无锡国联环保科技股份有限公司,江苏无锡214171 [4]江苏省高校水处理技术与材料协同创新中心,江苏苏州215009

出　　处：《净水技术》2025年第2期104-111,123,共9页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：江苏省政策引导类计划(国际科技合作/港澳台科技合作)专项资金(BZ2021030);无锡市科技创新创业资金(M20211003);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金(BE2022303)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究旨在通过使用葫芦壳、螺蛳壳和紫砂材料制备的新型填料,改善厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)系统在处理高氨氮废水时的快速启动和稳定运行效果,以期提高脱氮效率并降低工程化应用的难度。【方法】研究对比了这些新型填料与传统的聚丙烯和聚乙烯填料在Anammox系统中的性能,通过监测氨氮和亚硝态氮的去除效率、硝态氮和总氮的浓度变化,以及微生物群落结构的变化来评估填料效果。【结果】研究发现,新型填料显著提升了Anammox菌群的富集速度和脱氮效率。特别是紫砂基填料组,其出水中硝态氮质量浓度仅为1.35 mg/L,总氮质量浓度为10.92 mg/L,总氮去除率高达93.93%,脱氮速率和脱氮负荷分别提升了20.93%和30.61%。微生物群落分析显示,紫砂基填料使Candidatus_alysiosphaera菌属的相对丰度从26.26%提升至64.75%。此外,高盐度和难降解有机物如甘油三酯对Anammox菌的富集效率和稳定运行有负面影响,而重金属元素钴和锰的影响较小。【结论】研究表明,使用葫芦壳、螺蛳壳和紫砂材料制备的新型填料能有效改善Anammox系统的启动和运行,尤其是紫砂基填料在提高脱氮效率和稳定性方面表现突出,为高氨氮废水的处理提供了一种低成本、高效率的解决方案。[Objective]This study aimed to enhance the rapid startup and stable operation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox)systems for treating high-ammonia nitrogen wastewater by using novel carriers made from calabash shells,snail shells,and purple sand materials,thereby improving denitrification efficiency and reducing the difficulties in engineering application.[Methods]The study compared the performance of these novel carriers with traditional polypropylene and polyethylene carriers in Anammox systems by monitoring the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen,changes in nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen concentrations,and shifts in microbial community structures.[Results]The study found that the novel carriers significantly improved the enrichment speed and denitrification efficiency of Anammox bacteria.Particularly,the purple sand-based carrier group showed an effluent nitrate nitrogen mass concentration of only 1.35 mg/L and a total nitrogen mass concentration of 10.92 mg/L,with a total nitrogen removal rate as high as 93.93%,and an increase in denitrification rate and load of 20.93%and 30.61%,respectively.Microbial flora analysis revealed that the purple sand-based carrier increased the relative abundance of Candidatus_alysiosphaera from 26.26%to 64.75%.Furthermore,high salinity and refractory organic compounds such as triglycerides negatively affected the enrichment efficiency and stable operation of Anammox bacteria,while heavy metal elements like cobalt and manganese had minimal impact.[Conclusion]This study demonstrates that the use of novel carriers made from calabash shells,snail shells,and purple sand materials can effectively improve the startup and operation of Anammox systems,with the purple sand-based carrier showing outstanding performance in enhancing denitrification efficiency and stability,providing a low-cost,high-efficiency solution for the treatment of high-ammonia nitrogen wastewater.

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化 高氨氮废水 快速启动 脱氮性能 微生物菌群结构 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]