上海市农业面源污染的年际变化趋势分析  

Analysis of Interannual Variation Trends of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Shanghai City

作　　者：黄奔 刘君 朱彩琳 戚浩强 吴军新 HUANG Ben;LIU Jun;ZHU Cailin;QI Haoqiang;WU Junxin(Shanghai Hydrological Administration,Shanghai 200232,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市水文总站,上海200232

出　　处：《净水技术》2025年第2期124-131,180,共9页Water Purification Technology

摘　　要：【目的】为研究近年来上海市农业面源污染的年际变化趋势和规律,分析评估农业面源污染治理成效,提出下一阶段农业面源污染防控对策,为上海农业面源污染防控、实施乡村振兴提供理论依据。【方法】文章通过借鉴清单分析法和等标污染负荷法,研究2011年—2021年上海市农业面源污染污染物排放总量和等标污染负荷量的年际变化趋势,分析了畜禽养殖业、种植业、水产养殖业以及农村生活排污产生的面源污染情况,并核算了各行业和污染物的排放强度。【结果】结果显示:近10多年来,上海市化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))、氨氮、总磷(TN)、总氮(TP)排放量分别下降了53.55%、33.25%、57.69%、57.89%;等标污染负荷量大小排序为:TP>TN>COD_(Cr)>氨氮;畜禽养殖业、种植业和农村生活排污的排放强度分别下降76.95%、25.92%和19.91%,而水产养殖业污染物排放强度上升了6.99%。当前,COD_(Cr)和氨氮的主要来源是农村生活排污,TN的主要污染来源是种植业和农村生活排污,TP的主要污染来源是种植业。【结论】因此,种植业的TP和TN的排放控制,农村生活排污的COD_(Cr)、氨氮和TN的排放控制,以及水产养殖业的排放强度控制应作为下一阶段农业面源污染控制的重点。[Objective]In order to study the interannual change trends and laws of agricultural non-point source pollution in Shanghai in recent years,analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural non-point source pollution control,put forward the next stage prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in Shanghai,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in Shanghai and the implementation of rural revitalization.[Methods]By using inventory analysis approach and equal-standard pollution loading approach,this paper studied the interannual variation trend of the total amount of agricultural non-point source pollution pollutants and the equal-standard pollution loading in Shanghai from 2011 to 2021,analyzed the non-point source pollution of livestock breeding,agricultural planting,aquaculture and rural domestic wastewater,and calculated the emission intensity of pollutants and industry.[Results]The results showed that the emissions of COD_(Cr),ammonia nitrogen,TN and TP in Shanghai had decreased by 53.55%,33.25%,57.69%and 57.89%respectively in the past 10 years.The order of equal-standard pollution loading was TP>TN>COD_(Cr)>ammonia nitrogen.The emission intensity of livestock and poultry breeding,agricultural planting and rural domestic wastewater decreased by 76.95%,25.92%and 19.91%,while the emission intensity of aquaculture increased by 6.99%.At present,the main source of COD_(Cr)was rural domestic wastewater discharging,the main source of TN was agricultural planting and rural domestic wastewater discharging,and the main source of TP was agricultural planting.[Conclusion]Therefore,the emission control of TP and TN in planting industry,the emission control of COD_(Cr),ammonia nitrogen and TN in rural domestic wastewater,and the emission intensity control of aquaculture should be the focus of agricultural non-point source pollution control in next stage.

关 键 词：清单分析法 等标污染负荷 农业面源污染 年际变化 上海 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]