新形势下农村学校布局调整的决策偏差与理性回归  

Rural Schools'Layout Adjustment in the New Situation:Decision-Making Biases and Rational Return

作　　者：刘善槐 朱秀红 王爽[3] Liu Shanhuai;Zhu Xiuhong;Wang Shuang(South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631;Faculty of Education,Northeast Normal University;Institute of Teacher Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学,广州510631 [2]东北师范大学教育学部 [3]东北师范大学教师教育研究院,长春130024

出　　处：《教育研究》2025年第1期16-29,共14页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2021年度教育学重大项目“乡村振兴和教育现代化背景下农村教育发展战略研究”(编号:VGA210005)的研究成果。

摘　　要：在教育强国建设、学龄人口变动和家庭结构变迁的新形势下,优化农村学校布局的重要性愈加凸显。2012年之后,农村学校布局调整逐渐陷入了改革误区:从“过度撤并”的激进阶段走向了“应撤不撤”的保守阶段。由于部分地区的决策理念偏离教育发展的内在追求,决策标准缺乏科学依据,决策程序存在泛民主化倾向,布局调整决策引发了系列问题,包括大量校点低水平运转、学生全面发展受限以及资源使用效率低下等。为了让布局调整决策回归理性,应秉持学生发展优先、注重资源利用效率、保护弱势群体利益的基本理念,综合考量人口、教育、经济、地理和文化等因素的影响,形成撤并、有条件撤并或部分撤并,保留或有条件保留,恢复,新建或扩建,赋权决策五种决策方案与标准。为了使决策标准能够落地,建议出台农村学校布局调整操作指南,客观评估学校布局状况,完善布局调整决策程序,健全布局调整配套保障。The new situation witnesses the building of a powerful country in education,the changes in school-age population,and the shifts in family structures,and the optimization of rural schools'layouts becomes increasingly important.After 2012,rural schools'layout adjustment gradually fell into a trap of the reform,and stepped from the radical stage of"excessive closure and integration"to the conservative stage of"failure in closure in spite of due closure."Owing to the deviation of regional decision-making ideas from the intrinsic pursuit of educational development,lack of the scientific basis for decision-making standards,and the tendency toward pan-democratization in decision-making procedures,the decision-making in rural schools'layout adjustment resulted in problems,including the inefficient operation of rural schools,limitations on rural students'all-round development,and low efficiency in resource utilization.To take a rational approach to decision-making in rural schools'layout adjustment,we need to uphold the basic concepts of prioritizing student development,emphasizing the efficiency of the utilization of resources,and protecting the interests of vulnerable groups,comprehensively consider the influence of such factors as population,education,economy,geography and culture,and formulate five plans and criteria for decision-making(rural schools'closure and integration,their conditional or partial closure and integration,their retention or conditional retention,their restoration,their new construction or expansion,and their empowered decision-making).To promote the practice of the decision-making standards,this study proposes formulating guidelines for rural schools'layout adjustment,objectively assessing rural schools'layouts,improving decision-making procedures,and consummating the supporting system.

关 键 词：教育强国 人口变动 农村学校布局 决策偏差 理性决策 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]