不同腐熟粪肥对东台西瓜产质量及土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Different Kinds of Decomposed Manure on Yield,Quality and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Dongtai Watermelon

作　　者：夏阳洋 荀贤玉 孟爱红 何玲玲 马洪波[2] XIA Yangyang;XUN Xianyu;MENG Aihong;HE Lingling;MA Hongbo(Dongtai Cultivated Land Quality Conservation Station,Dongtai Jiangsu 224200;Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing Jiangsu 210014)

机构地区：[1]东台市耕地质量保护站,江苏东台224200 [2]江苏省农业科学院,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2025年第4期58-62,共5页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：2022年东台市绿色种养循环农业试点项目;江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX[22]3122,SCX[21]1067)。

摘　　要：为了探讨不同腐熟粪肥对东台西瓜生长、产量、品质和土壤理化性质的影响,为东台西瓜粪肥施用和化肥减量提供理论依据,以单施化肥(常规施肥)为对照,在等氮养分条件下,设置干鸡粪、液体鸡粪、干猪粪、液体猪粪4个处理(粪肥替代常规施肥中20%化肥)开展了田间试验。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,干鸡粪处理和液体鸡粪处理可促进西瓜营养生长;干鸡粪处理和干猪粪处理能够提高西瓜的产量和利润,液体猪粪处理和液体鸡粪处理会降低西瓜的产量和利润;4个粪肥处理均可提高西瓜的品质,其中干猪粪、液体猪粪处理VC含量分别显著提高了14.32%和28.15%,干鸡粪、液体鸡粪、液体猪粪处理硝酸盐含量分别显著降低了10.71%、7.79%和11.68%。干鸡粪、干猪粪处理能够显著提高土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量。综上,西瓜种植中应优先选用干鸡粪和干猪粪作有机肥,避免或减少施用液体猪粪和液体鸡粪。In order to investigate the effects of different kinds of decomposed manure on the growth,yield,quality of Dongtai watermelon and soil physical and chemical properties,and to provide theoretical basis for the application of manure and reduction of chemical fertilizers in Dongtai watermelon cultivation,the field experiment was conducted under equal nitrogen nutrient conditions,by setting up four treatments[dried chicken manure,liquid chicken manure,dried pig manure,and liquid pig manure(replacing 20%of chemical fertilizers in conventional fertilization with manure)],with single application of chemical fertilizers(conventional fertilization)as the control.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization,dried chicken manure treatment and liquid chicken manure treatment could promote the nutritional growth of watermelon;dried chicken manure treatment and dried pig manure treatment could increase the yield and profit of watermelon,while liquid pig manure treatment and liquid chicken manure treatment could reduce the yield and profit of watermelon;all four manure treatments could improve the quality of watermelon,among which the VC content of watermelon treated with dried pig manure and liquid pig manure significantly increased by 14.32%and 28.15%,respectively,while nitrate content of watermelon treated with dried chicken manure,liquid chicken manure and liquid pig manure significantly reduced by 10.71%,7.79%and 11.68%,respectively.Compared with conventional fertilization,dried chicken manure treatment and dried pig manure treatment could significantly increase the contents of total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter in soil.In conclusion,dried chicken manure and dried pig manure were optimal organic fertilizers for watermelon planting,while liquid chicken manure and liquid pig manure should be avoided or reduced.

关 键 词：东台西瓜 腐熟粪肥 产量 品质 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学] S153[农业科学—园艺学]