遮阴处理对玉米子粒败育及产量的影响  

Effects of shading treatments on the kernel abortion and yield of maize

作　　者：常晓 王小博 刘柏林 杨兆生 李健 CHANG Xiao;WANG Xiao-bo;LIU Bo-lin;YANY Zhao-sheng;LI Jian(Institute of Cotton Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Anyang 455000,Henan,China;Institute of Western Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji 831100,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Zhongyu Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Changji 831100,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000 [2]中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉831100 [3]新疆中育农业科技有限公司,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2025年第1期1-6,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01A196);安阳市科技攻关项目(2022C01NY014)。

摘　　要：以玉米(Zea mays L.)杂交种中研1603和中研698为试验材料,在大田种植条件下,设置不同遮阴时长处理,探究不同遮阴处理(30%遮阴)对玉米子粒败育、产量及其构成的影响。结果表明,中研698在子粒败育和产量性状上较中研1603对遮阴处理更敏感。子粒败育率随着遮阴时长的增加而上升,在总小花数至受精小花数阶段和受精小花数至正常发育受精小花数阶段,遮阴Ⅲ期(8展叶至18展叶遮阴)和遮阴Ⅳ期(8展叶至吐丝期遮阴)的败育率均显著高于正常光照(P<0.05)。成熟期玉米的穗长、穗粗、行粒数随着遮阴时长的增加而降低,其中遮阴Ⅳ期与正常光照差异均达显著水平(P<0.05),遮阴对行数没有影响。玉米的产量、千粒重和穗粒数在遮阴处理下均低于正常光照,其中遮阴Ⅲ期、遮阴Ⅳ期与正常光照差异均达显著水平(P<0.05),遮阴对穗数影响不显著。相关分析结果表明,遮阴时长、开花吐丝间隔时长与败育率均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),产量指标中除了穗数,均与遮阴时长和开花吐丝间隔时长呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。由此表明,随着遮阴处理时长的增加,会延长玉米的开花吐丝间隔,增加子粒败育率,减少穗长、穗粗和行粒数,进而降低千粒重、穗粒数和产量。Using maize(Zea mays L.)hybrid varieties Zhongyan 1603 and Zhongyan 698 as test materials,different shading duration treatments were set under field planting conditions to explore the effects of different shading treatments(30%shading rate)on maize kernel abortion,yield and its components.The results showed that in terms of kernel abortion,yield and its components,Zhongyan 698 was more sensitive to shading treatments than Zhongyan 1603.The proportion of kernel abortion increased with the increase of shading duration.At the stage of total small flowers to fertilize small flowers and the stage of fertilized small flowers to grains,shading stageⅢ(the 8th leaf stage to the 18th leaf stage shading)and shading stageⅣ(the 8th leaf stage to the silking stage shading)had sig-nificantly higher abortion rates than the non shading control(P<0.05).In the mature period,the ear length,ear diameter and the ker-nels per row decreased with the increase of shading duration,and the difference between shading stageⅣand the non shading control was significant(P<0.05),while shading had no effect on the number of rows per ear.The yield,thousand-grains weight and number of grains per spike under shading treatments were lower than those of the non-shading control,and the differences between the shading stageⅢ,Ⅳand the non-shading control were significant(P<0.05),while shading had no effect on the number of harvested panicles.The correlation analysis results showed that the shading duration and the interval days between flowering and silk emergence were sig-nificantly positively correlated with the abortion rates(P<0.01).In addition to the number of harvested panicles,the yield indicators were significantly negatively correlated with the number of shading days and the interval days between flowering and silk emergence(P<0.01).This indicated that with the increase of shading,the interval days between flowering and silk emergence of maize were ex-tended,and the kernels abortion rate after silk emergence was increased,resulting in a

关 键 词：玉米(Zea mays L.) 遮阴 子粒败育 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]