锂离子电池正极补锂技术研究进展  

Recent progress of cathode prelithiation strategies for lithium ion batteries

作　　者：梅悦旎 屈雯洁 程广玉[1] 向永贵 陆海燕 邵晓丹 张益明 王可[1] MEI Yueni;QU Wenjie;CHENG Guangyu;XIANG Yonggui;LU Haiyan;SHAO Xiaodan;ZHANG Yiming;WANG Ke(State Key Laboratory of Space Power Sources,Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources,Shanghai 200245,China)

机构地区：[1]空间电源全国重点实验室,上海空间电源研究所,上海200245

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2025年第1期77-89,共13页Energy Storage Science and Technology

基　　金：上海市科技创新行动计划启明星项目(扬帆专项)(22YF1429300)。

摘　　要：锂离子电池在首次充电过程中,负极表面形成固态电解质界面膜(SEI膜)的过程会不可逆地消耗电池体系中的活性锂含量,影响电池的能量密度和循环寿命,这一现象在高比能设计的电池中表现尤为明显。通过补锂技术额外补充活性锂是解决这一问题的有效手段。从工艺角度进行区分,当前补锂技术主要分为负极补锂与正极补锂,其中正极补锂技术因其安全性和电池制造工艺兼容性高而受到广泛关注。正极补锂技术主要是指在锂离子电池的正极中添加具有高不可逆容量的含锂化合物,即正极补锂添加剂/正极补锂材料。当前主流的正极补锂材料主要包含二元含锂化合物、三元含锂化合物和有机含锂化合物。此外,正极补锂也可以通过设计过嵌锂正极材料实现活性锂补偿。本文总结了当前基于正极的补锂技术与策略,综述了正极补锂技术的最新研究进展以及在提升锂离子电池首次效率、能量密度及循环寿命中的应用情况,对当前主流的正极补锂策略进行对比分析,并对未来正极补锂策略进一步实现产业化应用作出展望。The formation of a solid electrolyte interface(SEI)on the surface of anodes leads to the irreversible consumption of the active lithium in lithium-ion battery systems during the first charge.This results in capacity fading and cycle life decay,particularly in the case of highenergy-density battery designs.Compensation of active lithium can be an effective way to solve such problems.The recent prelithiation strategies can be mainly divided into cathode and anode prelithiation based on the process method.Notably,cathode prelithiation technology has attracted wide attention because of its safety and high compatibility with battery-manufacturing processes.Cathode prelithiation technology mainly refers to adding lithium-containing compounds with high irreversible capacity into cathodes;in other words,cathode lithium additives are used.The main cathode lithium supplement additives are binary lithium-containing compounds,ternary lithium-containing compounds,and organic lithium-containing compounds.In addition,the active lithium replenishment of cathodes can be achieved by designing over-lithiated cathode materials.This study summarizes the research progress of cathode prelithiation strategies for improving the initial efficiency,energy density,and cycle life of lithium ion batteries.Different strategies are compared.The prospect for further commercialization of cathode prelithiation strategies is also predicted.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 正极补锂 能量密度 循环寿命 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]