压缩CO_(2)储能技术研究现状及发展趋势  

Research status and development trend of compressed CO2 energy storage technology

作　　者：关苏敏 钟声远 李翰宸 丁若晨 苏文 蔺新星 汤正阳[1,4] 杜娟 GUAN Sumin;ZHONG Shengyuan;LI Hanchen;DING Ruochen;SU Wen;LIN Xinxing;TANG Zhengyang;DU Juan(China Yangtze Power Co.Ltd.,Yichang 100032,Hubei,China;China Three Gorges Corporation,Beijing 100000,China;School of Energy Science and Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China;Hubei Technology Innovation Center for Smart Hydropower,Wuhan 430000,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江电力股份有限公司,湖北宜昌100032 [2]中国三峡集团科学技术研究院,北京100000 [3]中南大学能源科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410083 [4]湖北省智慧水电技术创新中心,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2025年第1期240-254,共15页Energy Storage Science and Technology

基　　金：中国长江电力股份有限公司科研项目(Z152402007)。

摘　　要：作为一种新型的压缩储能技术,压缩CO_(2)储能近年来受到学术界及企业界的广泛关注,可满足我国大规模长时储能的需求,具有良好的发展前景。对此,本文从压缩CO_(2)储能系统、CO_(2)存储装置两方面梳理了该技术的研究现状。结果表明,现有压缩CO_(2)储能系统主要分为5类,即低压罐超临界/高压罐超临界储能、低压罐液态/高压罐超临界储能、低压罐气态/高压罐超临界储能、低压罐液态/高压罐液态储能、低压罐气态/高压罐液态储能。理论研究主要在于系统性能的稳态分析,鲜有系统全工况的动态特性分析,而示范项目则多采用高压液态-低压常压柔性存储的储能方案。对于CO_(2)存储装置,主要有地下咸水层、地下盐穴、柔性储气棚、吸附储气床、储气罐及储液罐,其中柔性储气棚、储气/液罐已有工程应用,但储气棚体积巨大,而储罐内CO_(2)在充放电过程中的热力特性仍需进一步研究。在此基础上,本文介绍了压缩CO_(2)储能系统未来发展的趋势。一方面,压缩CO_(2)储能涉及多种能源形式,可与外界冷热源及其他热力系统耦合,以满足负荷侧冷热电储的需求,提高系统整体能效水平。另一方面,可引入有机工质与CO_(2)混合,解决低压CO_(2)液态存储的易结干冰、系统压比较低的问题,从而实现高低压液态存储,以极大提高压缩储能密度。As a new type of compressed energy storage technology,compressed carbon dioxide(CO_(2))energy storage has received widespread attention from the academic and business communities in recent years.This technology can meet the demand for large-scale,long-term energy storage in China and has good development prospects.In this regard,this study outlines the research status of this technology from two aspects:compressed CO_(2)energy storage systems and CO_(2)storage devices.The results of this study show that the existing compressed CO_(2)energy storage systems can be mainly classified into five categories:energy storage systems with supercritical CO_(2)in low-pressure and high-pressure tanks,systems with liquid CO_(2)in a low-pressure tank and supercritical CO_(2)in a high-pressure tank,systems with gas in the low-pressure tank and supercritical CO_(2)in the high-pressure tank,systems with liquid CO_(2)in the low-pressure and high-pressure tanks,and systems with gas in the low-pressure tank and liquid CO_(2)in the high-pressure tank.The existing theoretical researches mainly focus on the steady-state analysis of system performance.Few analyze the dynamic characteristics of the system under full operating conditions.Demonstrative projects mostly adopt an energy storage system with high-pressure,liquid-low-pressure atmospheric flexible storage.CO_(2)storage devices mainly comprise underground saline aquifers,underground salt caverns,flexible gas storage sheds,adsorption gas storage beds,gas tanks,and liquid tanks.Among them,flexible gas storage sheds and gas/liquid tanks have been used in engineering applications.However,a gas storage shed has a large volume,and further research is required to understand the thermodynamic characteristics of CO_(2)during charging/discharging processes.Along this line of research,future development trends of compressed CO_(2)energy storage systems are stated.On the one hand,compressed CO_(2)energy storage involves various forms of energy and can be coupled with external cold/heat sources

关 键 词：压缩CO_(2)储能 CO_(2)存储装置 多能系统 CO_(2)混合工质 

分 类 号：TK115[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]